Global Farm Management Software Market (2025-2031) | Analysis, Forecast, Segmentation, Challenges, Opportunities, Size, Strategy, Segments, Outlook, Supply, Companies, Pricing Analysis, Growth, Restraints, Share, Value, Demand, Strategic Insights, Trends, Revenue, Investment Trends, Industry, Competition, Drivers, Competitive, Consumer Insights

Global Farm Management Software Market Size & Growth Rate

Global Farm Management Software Market Overview

The Global Farm Management Software Market is experiencing significant growth driven by the increasing adoption of technology in agriculture to improve efficiency and productivity. This software offers farmers tools for crop planning, monitoring, and decision-making, leading to streamlined operations and cost-effectiveness. Factors such as the rising demand for precision farming, integration of IoT and AI technologies in agriculture, and the need for real-time data analysis are propelling market expansion. North America holds a significant share due to the high adoption rate of advanced farming technologies, while Asia Pacific is expected to witness rapid growth fueled by the modernization of agriculture practices in countries like China and India. Key players in the market include Trimble Inc., Deere & Company, and Agrivi, among others.

Global Farm Management Software Market Trends and Opportunities

The Global Farm Management Software Market is experiencing rapid growth due to increasing adoption of precision farming techniques and the need for efficient farm management solutions. Key trends include the integration of advanced technologies like AI, IoT, and big data analytics to enhance decision-making processes, streamline operations, and optimize resource utilization. There is a rising demand for cloud-based farm management software solutions that offer real-time monitoring and remote access capabilities. Opportunities lie in the development of customizable and user-friendly software platforms tailored to meet the specific needs of diverse agricultural operations, as well as expanding into emerging markets with growing agriculture sectors. Overall, the market is poised for further expansion driven by the digitization of agriculture and the push for sustainable farming practices.

Global Farm Management Software Market Challenges

One of the key challenges faced in the Global Farm Management Software Market is the varying levels of technology adoption and digital readiness among farmers worldwide. While farm management software offers numerous benefits such as improved efficiency, precision agriculture, and data-driven decision-making, the uptake of these technologies can be hindered by factors like high initial investment costs, lack of technical skills among farmers, and limited access to reliable internet connectivity in rural areas. Additionally, the agriculture industry is diverse, with different farming practices, crop types, and scales of operations, making it challenging for software providers to offer solutions that cater to the specific needs of all farmers. Overcoming these challenges will require targeted education and training programs, affordable solutions, and partnerships to bridge the digital divide in agriculture.

Global Farm Management Software Market Drivers

The Global Farm Management Software Market is primarily driven by the increasing adoption of technology in agriculture to enhance productivity and efficiency. Farmers are increasingly turning to farm management software to improve decision-making processes, optimize resource utilization, and streamline farm operations. The growing trend of precision farming, coupled with the need for real-time data monitoring and analysis, is fueling the demand for advanced software solutions. Additionally, factors such as the rising focus on sustainable agriculture practices, government initiatives promoting digital farming technologies, and the need to mitigate risks associated with climate change and market volatility are further propelling the market growth. Overall, the Global Farm Management Software Market is expected to continue expanding as farmers seek to leverage technology for modernizing their agricultural practices.

Global Farm Management Software Market Government Policy

Government policies related to the global farm management software market vary by country but generally focus on promoting technological advancements in agriculture, improving farm productivity and sustainability, and ensuring data security and privacy. Some governments offer financial incentives or subsidies to encourage farmers to adopt farm management software solutions, while others regulate data sharing and usage to protect farmers` interests. Additionally, governments may invest in research and development initiatives to support the growth of the farm management software market and promote innovation in the agricultural sector. Overall, government policies play a crucial role in shaping the landscape of the global farm management software market by creating an enabling environment for technology adoption and ensuring that farmers can leverage these tools effectively to enhance their operations.

Global Farm Management Software Market Future Outlook

The Global Farm Management Software Market is poised for significant growth in the coming years, driven by increasing adoption of digital technologies in agriculture to enhance productivity and efficiency. Factors such as rising demand for precision farming, smart agriculture solutions, and the need for real-time data analytics are expected to fuel market expansion. The integration of advanced technologies like AI, IoT, and machine learning into farm management software is anticipated to revolutionize traditional farming practices and streamline operations. Furthermore, the growing focus on sustainable farming practices and environmental conservation is likely to drive the demand for software solutions that enable better resource management. Overall, the Global Farm Management Software Market is expected to experience robust growth as farmers increasingly embrace digital tools to optimize their operations and maximize yields.

Global Farm Management Software Market Regional Insights

In the global farm management software market, North America holds a significant share due to the adoption of advanced technologies and precision farming practices. The region`s large-scale commercial farming operations and emphasis on increasing efficiency drive the demand for farm management software solutions. Europe follows closely behind, with countries like Germany and France leading in the adoption of digital agriculture practices. In Asia, the market is rapidly growing as countries like China and India witness a shift towards modernizing their agricultural sector. The Middle East and Africa region is also showing increasing interest in farm management software to improve productivity and sustainability. Latin America is experiencing steady growth, with countries like Brazil and Argentina focusing on technology-driven solutions to enhance farm operations and decision-making processes.

Key Highlights of the Report:

• Global Farm Management Software Market Outlook
• Market Size of Global Farm Management Software Market, 2024
• Forecast of Global Farm Management Software Market, 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Farm Management Software Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Global Farm Management Software Market Trend Evolution
• Global Farm Management Software Market Drivers and Challenges
• Global Farm Management Software Price Trends
• Global Farm Management Software Porter's Five Forces
• Global Farm Management Software Industry Life Cycle
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Farm Size for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Small for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Medium for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Large for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Farm Production Planning for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Pre-production Planning for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Production Planning for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Post-production Planning for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Offering for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By On-Cloud for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By On-premise for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Precision Farming for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Precision Livestock for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Precision Aquaculture for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Precision Forestry for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Smart Greenhouses for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Farm Size for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Small for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Medium for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Large for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Farm Production Planning for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Pre-production Planning for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Production Planning for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Post-production Planning for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Offering for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By On-Cloud for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By On-premise for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Precision Farming for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Precision Livestock for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Precision Aquaculture for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Precision Forestry for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Smart Greenhouses for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of United States of America Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Canada Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of North America Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Farm Size for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Small for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Medium for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Large for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Farm Production Planning for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Pre-production Planning for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Production Planning for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Post-production Planning for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Offering for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By On-Cloud for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By On-premise for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Precision Farming for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Precision Livestock for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Precision Aquaculture for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Precision Forestry for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Smart Greenhouses for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Brazil Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Mexico Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Argentina Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of LATAM Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Farm Size for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Small for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Medium for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Large for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Farm Production Planning for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Pre-production Planning for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Production Planning for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Post-production Planning for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Offering for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By On-Cloud for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By On-premise for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Precision Farming for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Precision Livestock for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Precision Aquaculture for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Precision Forestry for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Smart Greenhouses for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of China Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of India Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Japan Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Asia Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Farm Size for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Small for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Medium for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Large for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Farm Production Planning for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Pre-production Planning for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Production Planning for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Post-production Planning for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Offering for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By On-Cloud for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By On-premise for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Precision Farming for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Precision Livestock for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Precision Aquaculture for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Precision Forestry for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Smart Greenhouses for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of South Africa Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Nigeria Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Egypt Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Africa Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Farm Size for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Small for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Medium for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Large for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Farm Production Planning for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Pre-production Planning for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Production Planning for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Post-production Planning for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Offering for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By On-Cloud for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By On-premise for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Precision Farming for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Precision Livestock for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Precision Aquaculture for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Precision Forestry for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Smart Greenhouses for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of United Kingdom Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of France Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Germany Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Europe Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Farm Size for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Small for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Medium for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Large for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Farm Production Planning for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Pre-production Planning for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Production Planning for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Post-production Planning for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Offering for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By On-Cloud for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By On-premise for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Precision Farming for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Precision Livestock for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Precision Aquaculture for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Precision Forestry for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Smart Greenhouses for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Saudi Arabia Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of UAE Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Turkey Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Middle East Farm Management Software Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Global Farm Management Software Market - Key Performance Indicators
• Global Farm Management Software Market - Import Export Trade Statistics
• Global Farm Management Software Market - Opportunity Assessment By Countries
• Global Farm Management Software Market - Opportunity Assessment By Farm Size
• Global Farm Management Software Market - Opportunity Assessment By Farm Production Planning
• Global Farm Management Software Market - Opportunity Assessment By Offering
• Global Farm Management Software Market - Opportunity Assessment By Application
• Global Farm Management Software Market - Top Companies Market Share
• Global Farm Management Software Market - Top Companies Profiles
• Global Farm Management Software Market - Comparison of Players in Technical and Operating Parameters
• Global Farm Management Software Market - Strategic Recommendations