Global Hexamethylenediamine Market (2025-2031) | Analysis, Trends, Restraints, Pricing Analysis, Competition, Investment Trends, Outlook, Supply, Industry, Strategic Insights, Drivers, Companies, Revenue, Consumer Insights, Value, Strategy, Challenges, Opportunities, Forecast, Share, Competitive, Size, Growth, Demand, Segments, Segmentation

Global Hexamethylenediamine Market Size & Growth Rate

According to 6Wresearch internal database and industry insights, the global hexamethylenediamine market is projected to experience robust growth in the coming years, driven by increasing industrial applications. By 2031, the market size is estimated to surpass USD 5.8 billion, expanding at a CAGR of 7.9% during the forecast period (2025–2031).

Global Hexamethylenediamine Market Highlights

Topics Covered in the Global Hexamethylenediamine Market Report

The Global Hexamethylenediamine Market report thoroughly covers the market by End-use Industry, Application and Regions. The market report provides an unbiased and detailed analysis of the ongoing market trends, opportunities/high growth areas, and market drivers which would help the stakeholders to devise and align their market strategies according to the current and future market dynamics.

Global Hexamethylenediamine Market Synopsis 

Hexamethylenediamine is a crucial chemical compound primarily used in the synthesis of nylon and other specialty products. This diamine plays an instrumental role in producing polymers like nylon-6,6, which are integral to industries such as automotive, textiles, and paints. The market is characterized by its strong demand across various industry verticals, as well as consistent research to develop sustainable and efficient production techniques. Continued urbanization and industrialization, coupled with advancements in chemical manufacturing, define the broader landscape of this market.

Global Hexamethylenediamine Market is expected to grow at a significant CAGR of 7.9% during the forecast period 2025-2031. Several key drivers contribute to the expansion of the global hexamethylenediamine market. The foremost factor is the surging demand for nylon products, where hexamethylenediamine serves as a critical raw material. Nylon’s versatility for use in automotive parts, textiles, and electrical components makes its supply chain dependent on the consistent availability of this compound. Additionally, rising demand for lightweight and fuel-efficient vehicles has intensified the need for nylon-reinforced products in the automotive sector. The development of water treatment chemicals using hexamethylenediamine is another factor significantly driving Global Hexamethylenediamine Market growth, especially in regions prone to water scarcity.

Global Hexamethylenediamine Market Challenges 

Despite its promising growth trajectory, the hexamethylenediamine market faces notable challenges. The production process involves high energy consumption and significant raw material costs, which could impact the profitability of manufacturers. Additionally, environmental concerns regarding emissions and waste generated during production have led to stringent government regulations, sometimes hindering production capabilities. Finally, geopolitical factors and fluctuating crude oil prices, essential for producing precursors like adiponitrile, could disrupt the supply chain.

Global Hexamethylenediamine Market Trends 

Advancements in the hexamethylenediamine market can be found in sustainability efforts, with firms developing bio-based methods of production, as part of the global trend towards sustainable production. Companies who are investing in green chemistry are making efforts to minimize reliance on petroleum, which have a number of different environmental and economic benefits. Furthermore, companies in the hexamethylenediamine market are increasing their capacity to meet growing demand for derivatives, including their use in coatings, adhesives, and specialty grades of nylon. Additionally, there is some degree of diversification into biocides and specialty industrial markets. 

Investment Opportunities in the Global Hexamethylenediamine Market 

Investment into R&D for development of bio-based hexamethylenediamine and the optimization of production and catalytic processes create unique opportunities for stakeholders in the market. In addition to this, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and other emerging markets are being industrialized, creating possible geographic opportunities in their regions. New hexamethylenediamine production operations in emerging / developing markets where available workforce is skilled, and cost of operation is lower than developed economies could provide valuable competitive advantages for investors.

Leading Players of the Global Hexamethylenediamine Market 

Notable players in the global hexamethylenediamine market include Ascend Performance Materials, Invista, BASF SE, RTP Company, and Radici Group. These companies dominate the market due to their large production capacities, established supply chains, and focus on product innovation. Their efforts in deploying sustainable practices and diversifying application areas ensure their continued stronghold in this market.

Government Regulations Introduced in the Global Hexamethylenediamine Market 

Significant government regulations influence the production and use of hexamethylenediamine. Stringent environmental policies are pushing for innovative production methods that minimize carbon footprints, particularly in Europe and North America. In addition, a range of health and safety policies specifically related to worker safety impact production processes as well through limits on exposure levels during the manufacturing of chemicals. Import/export tariffs and the banning of specific synthetic derivatives create their own market challenges in particular regions. Also, there is an increasing recognition of the need to source more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives to hexamethylenediamine, resulting in the development of bio-based manufacture methods utilizing renewable resources, biomass and biorefineries. 

Future Insights for the Global Hexamethylenediamine Market 

The hexamethylenediamine market will see further growth driven by the growing applications in high-performance nylons, adhesives, and water treatment chemicals. The trend of sustainability will be an essential driver to advance bio-based production and change the competitive dynamics. The expectation is that there will also be more collaboration between manufacturers and end-use industries to develop tailored solutions specifically using hexamethylenediamine; this is projected to positively impact the attractiveness of the hexamethylenediamine building block for the full market in the long-term. 

Market Segmentation Analysis

The report offers a comprehensive study of the subsequent market segments and their leading categories. 

Automotive to Dominate Market- By End-Users

The automotive industry leads among end-use sectors due to the extensive use of nylon and related polymers in vehicle components. Growing global vehicle production and an increased emphasis on fuel efficiency have further solidified this dominance.

North America to Dominate Market- By Regions

According to Shubika, Research Manager, 6Wresearch, North America emerges as the dominating region, particularly driven by the United States’ stronghold in nylon manufacturing and water treatment applications. Strong industrial capabilities and advanced R&D reinforce the region's leadership.

Key Attractiveness of the Report

• 10 Years of Market Numbers.
• Historical Data Starting from 2021 to 2024.
• Base Year: 2024
• Forecast Data until 2031.
• Key Performance Indicators Impacting the Market.
• Major Upcoming Developments and Projects.

Key Highlights of the Report:

• Global Hexamethylenediamine Market Outlook
• Market Size of Global Hexamethylenediamine Market, 2024
• Forecast of Global Hexamethylenediamine Market, 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Hexamethylenediamine Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Global Hexamethylenediamine Market Trend Evolution
• Global Hexamethylenediamine Market Drivers and Challenges
• Global Hexamethylenediamine Price Trends
• Global Hexamethylenediamine Porter's Five Forces
• Global Hexamethylenediamine Industry Life Cycle
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Nylon Synthesis for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Curing Agents for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Lubricants for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Biocides for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Coatings Intermediate for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Adhesives for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Water Treatment Chemical for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Nylon Synthesis Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By End-use Industry for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Automotive for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Textile for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Paints & Coatings for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Petrochemical for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Nylon Synthesis for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Curing Agents for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Lubricants for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Biocides for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Coatings Intermediate for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Adhesives for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Water Treatment Chemical for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Nylon Synthesis Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By End-use Industry for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Automotive for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Textile for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Paints & Coatings for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Petrochemical for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of United States of America Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Canada Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of North America Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Nylon Synthesis for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Curing Agents for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Lubricants for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Biocides for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Coatings Intermediate for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Adhesives for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Water Treatment Chemical for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Nylon Synthesis Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By End-use Industry for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Automotive for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Textile for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Paints & Coatings for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Petrochemical for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Brazil Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Mexico Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Argentina Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of LATAM Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Pacific Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Pacific Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Nylon Synthesis for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Pacific Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Curing Agents for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Pacific Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Lubricants for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Pacific Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Biocides for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Pacific Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Coatings Intermediate for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Pacific Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Adhesives for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Pacific Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Water Treatment Chemical for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Pacific Nylon Synthesis Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Pacific Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By End-use Industry for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Pacific Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Automotive for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Pacific Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Textile for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Pacific Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Paints & Coatings for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Pacific Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Petrochemical for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Pacific Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of China Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of India Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Japan Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Asia Pacific Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Nylon Synthesis for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Curing Agents for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Lubricants for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Biocides for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Coatings Intermediate for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Adhesives for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Water Treatment Chemical for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Nylon Synthesis Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By End-use Industry for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Automotive for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Textile for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Paints & Coatings for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Petrochemical for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of South Africa Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Nigeria Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Egypt Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Africa Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Nylon Synthesis for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Curing Agents for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Lubricants for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Biocides for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Coatings Intermediate for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Adhesives for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Water Treatment Chemical for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Nylon Synthesis Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By End-use Industry for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Automotive for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Textile for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Paints & Coatings for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Petrochemical for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of United Kingdom Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of France Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Germany Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Europe Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Nylon Synthesis for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Curing Agents for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Lubricants for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Biocides for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Coatings Intermediate for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Adhesives for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Water Treatment Chemical for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Nylon Synthesis Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By End-use Industry for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Automotive for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Textile for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Paints & Coatings for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Petrochemical for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Saudi Arabia Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of UAE Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Turkey Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Middle East Hexamethylenediamine Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
• Global Hexamethylenediamine Market - Key Performance Indicators
• Global Hexamethylenediamine Market - Import Export Trade Statistics
• Global Hexamethylenediamine Market - Opportunity Assessment By Countries
• Global Hexamethylenediamine Market - Opportunity Assessment By Application
• Global Hexamethylenediamine Market - Opportunity Assessment By End-use Industry
• Global Hexamethylenediamine Market - Top Companies Market Share
• Global Hexamethylenediamine Market - Top Companies Profiles
• Global Hexamethylenediamine Market - Comparison of Players in Technical and Operating Parameters
• Global Hexamethylenediamine Market - Strategic Recommendations

Markets Covered

The market report provides a detailed analysis of the following market segments:

by Regions and Countries

• North America
• Europe
• LATAM
• Middle East
• Asia Pacific and Africa

By Application

• Nylon Synthesis
• Curing Agents
• Lubricants
• Biocides
• Coatings Intermediate
• Adhesives
• Water Treatment Chemical
• Others

By End-use Industry

• Automotive
• Textile
• Paints & Coatings
• Petrochemical
• Others