Global Surgical Glue Market Highlights
| Market Size (2025) | USD 1.6 Billion |
| Forecast Size (2032) | USD 2.4 Billion |
| CAGR | 6.40% |
| Base Year | 2025 |
| Forecast Period | 2026-2032 |
| Largest Region | North America |
| Fastest Growing Region | Asia |
| Largest Segment | Fibrin |
| Fastest Growing Segment | Collagen |
| Leading Companies | Johnson & Johnson, Medtronic, B. Braun, Edwards Lifesciences, and 3M |
Global Surgical Glue Market Size & Growth Rate (2026-2032)
The Global Surgical Glue Market was estimated at USD 1.6 Billion in 2025 and is projected to reach USD 2.4 Billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 6.40% from 2026 to 2032.
Global Surgical Glue Market Synopsis
The Global Surgical Glue Market is undergoing significant transformation due to the increasing complexity of surgical procedures and escalating demand for glue-based solutions. Surgeons are increasingly opting for adhesives over traditional sutures, particularly in minimally invasive surgeries, to ensure faster healing and reduced scarring.
Furthermore, the market is witnessing a shift towards products that offer enhanced biocompatibility and faster curing times. This evolution is directly correlated with the growing geriatric population and the rising prevalence of chronic illnesses, all of which play critical roles in expanding the surgical glue application landscape.
Global Surgical Glue Market Year-wise Growth Rate and Key Drivers
This graph illustrates the annual growth rates of the Global Surgical Glue Market from 2022 to 2032, highlighting a steady upward trajectory and projected expansion over the forecast period.
The table below presents the year‑wise growth rates along with the key drivers influencing the market
| Year | Growth Rate (%) | Major Drivers |
| 2022 | 7.05 | Hospitals increasingly prefer surgical glue for minimally invasive procedures, enhancing patient satisfaction. |
| 2023 | 2.82 | Surgical adhesives are becoming more competitive, leading to better product formulations on the market. |
| 2024 | 5.33 | Expanding clinical trial pipelines across regions enables wider adoption of surgical glue technologies. |
| 2025 | 7.17 | Biodegradable materials in surgical glue manufacturing support sustainability and attract more healthcare facilities. |
| 2026 | 4.97 | As patient outcomes data continues to showcase effectiveness, healthcare providers increasingly choose surgical adhesives. |
| 2027 | 6.77 | Regulatory bodies are approving more innovative surgical glue products, stimulating increased market entry. |
| 2028 | 6.73 | A shift toward smart surgical glues incorporating biosensor technology enhances surgical precision and recovery speed. |
| 2029 | 4.81 | Growing mergers and acquisitions among healthcare companies signal a trend toward consolidation in surgical adhesives. |
| 2030 | 7.49 | In North America, rising raw material costs for surgical glue influence pricing strategies across suppliers. |
| 2031 | 5.39 | Healthcare providers emphasize training for staff on surgical glue application to improve procedural outcomes. |
| 2032 | 5.62 | Supply chain disruptions force manufacturers to adapt, ensuring steady availability of surgical adhesive products. |
Note - Market size estimations and growth projections presented in this report are based on 6Wresearch's proprietary research methodology, combining internal industry data, secondary research, and primary validation, updated periodically to reflect current market conditions. As markets evolve rapidly, figures for certain industries may vary slightly and are intended as informed estimates rather than absolute figures. For the most current market sizing, we recommend validating figures with a 6Wresearch analyst.
Global Surgical Glue Market Key Takeaways
Below are some of the specific key takeaways from the market, including:
- As of 2025, Fibrin accounts for approximately 46% of the market share, driven by its effective tissue bonding capabilities.
- Collagen-based surgical glues are forecasted to grow at a CAGR of 8.2% from 2026 to 2032, highlighting their increasing therapeutic applications.
- North America dominates the market, holding roughly 43% of the global share in 2025, supported by advanced healthcare infrastructure.
- In 2023, Medtronic launched a next-generation fibrin sealant that has improved application speed, showcasing proactive innovation in the market.
- The European market is also expected to experience substantial growth due to increasing regulatory approvals for new adhesive products.
Evaluation of Restraints in Global Surgical Glue Market
Despite promising growth prospects, the Global Surgical Glue Market faces several challenges. A key restraint involves high production costs, particularly for specialized adhesive formulations. For example, certain advanced adhesives can cost healthcare providers up to $50 per unit, making them less accessible for some outpatient facilities. Additionally, regulatory hurdles can delay product launches; navigating the European Medicines Agency's stringent requirements is particularly challenging for new entrants. These factors collectively hinder market penetration and adoption rates for innovative surgical adhesives.
Global Surgical Glue Market Trends
Significant trends are shaping the Global Surgical Glue Market, marked by technological advancements and shifts in surgical practices. One notable trend is the move towards bioactive and bioresorbable adhesives, developed to minimize complications associated with traditional glues. For instance, in early 2023, 3M introduced a bioresorbable surgical adhesive aimed at enhancing patient safety and recovery. Meanwhile, the manufacturing ecosystem is evolving, with companies adopting automation technologies to optimize production. This not only reduces operational costs but also accelerates product availability in the market.
Global Surgical Glue Market Opportunities
Future revenue opportunities within the Global Surgical Glue Market are notable. Expanding applications in specialized sectors, particularly in tissue engineering and drug delivery systems, present a promising horizon for growth. For example, collaborations between companies like Johnson & Johnson and biotech firms to develop adhesives that can also deliver therapeutic agents are gaining traction. Furthermore, the expansion of outpatient surgical procedures, projected to rise by over 15% by 2030, will likely increase the demand for efficient closure solutions, enhancing market potential significantly.
Global Surgical Glue Market by Type
Fibrin-based surgical glues dominate the market, holding approximately 46% of the share in 2025. These adhesives are favored for their strong tissue adhesion and efficacy in hemostatic applications. Collagen-based glues represent the fastest-growing segment, with a projected CAGR of 8.2% from 2026 to 2032. This growth is attributable to their versatility and rising acceptance in diverse surgical specialties, particularly orthopedic and cosmetic procedures, where patient outcomes are critically linked to adhesive performance.
Global Surgical Glue Market by Application
The largest segment within the Global Surgical Glue Market is General Surgery, commanding a significant share of approximately 40% in 2025 due to its broad applications in surgical settings. Conversely, Orthopedic Surgery is expected to be the fastest-growing application, projected to experience a CAGR of 7.5% from 2026 to 2032. This growth is driven by the increasing prevalence of orthopedic injuries and the expanding adoption of minimally invasive surgical techniques that favor adhesive use over traditional sutures.
Global Surgical Glue Market by Region
North America is currently the largest region in the Global Surgical Glue Market, accounting for about 43% of the market share in 2025, bolstered by robust healthcare infrastructure and high surgical volumes. In contrast, Asia is anticipated to be the fastest-growing region, with an expected CAGR of 8.0% from 2026 to 2032. This growth can be attributed to the rapidly expanding healthcare sector, increased investment in medical technologies, and a rising geriatric population, all of which contribute to a heightened demand for surgical procedures.
Government Initiatives in the Global Surgical Glue Market
Government initiatives play a crucial role in shaping the regulatory and funding landscape for the Global Surgical Glue Market. Policymakers are increasingly focused on bolstering healthcare standards and enhancing surgical outcomes through supportive regulations.
- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) introduced the "FDA Innovation Pathway" in 2021, aimed at expediting the approval of innovative medical adhesives, thereby facilitating faster market access.
- The European Medicines Agency (EMA) launched the "Regulatory Framework for Tissue Adhesives" in early 2022 to harmonize assessments across member states, promoting a clearer path for market entry.
- In India, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare announced a funding initiative of $10 million in 2023 to support research and development for biodegradable surgical adhesives, enhancing local manufacturing capabilities.
- Japan's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare is set to roll out new regulations in 2024 focusing on improved standards for surgical adhesives, promising stricter performance requirements that benefit effective products.
Future Insights of the Global Surgical Glue Market
With a projected market value of USD 2.4 Billion by 2032, the Global Surgical Glue Market is expected to undergo transformative shifts, particularly in the area of biocompatible adhesives. Increasing collaboration between companies like Johnson & Johnson and innovative biotechnology firms aims to merge adhesives with therapeutic applications. This evolution is anticipated to stimulate new uses across tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, pushing forward an integrated approach to surgical solutions.
Global Surgical Glue Market Latest Developments
Recent advancements in the Global Surgical Glue Market highlight significant progress across key players, reflecting ongoing commitment to innovation and quality improvement.
- In March 2023, 3M unveiled its latest bioresorbable surgical adhesive, crucially enhancing patient safety during recovery by reducing complications linked to traditional glues.
- Recently, Medtronic completed the acquisition of a biotech firm focused on next-generation adhesive technologies, which strengthens its position in the minimally invasive surgery market.
- B. Braun initiated a collaboration with leading research institutions in early 2023 to develop adhesives tailored for specialized surgical applications, expanding its product portfolio in niche markets.
- In late 2022, Edwards Lifesciences announced the development of a new fibrin sealant with faster application capabilities, positioning itself competitively in the evolving surgical adhesive sector.
Global Surgical Glue Market Key Players and Industry Positioning
The Global Surgical Glue Market is poised in a moderately consolidated structure, with a few significant players dominating market share while newer firms are emerging with innovative solutions. This environment spurs competition and fosters technological advancements, enhancing customer options.
| Leading Company | Core Strength | Strategic Focus |
|---|---|---|
| Johnson & Johnson | Extensive R&D capabilities | Innovative adhesive solutions for diverse surgical applications |
| Medtronic | Strong market presence in minimally invasive techniques | Focus on acquisitions to enhance product offerings |
| B. Braun | Specialization in healthcare products | Collaborations to develop advanced adhesive technologies |
| Edwards Lifesciences | Expertise in cardiovascular solutions | Developing innovative sealants to address unmet surgical needs |
| 3M | Strong portfolio of adhesive technologies | Investing in bioactive adhesives to enhance safety |
Collectively, these players are actively shaping the future of surgical adhesives, emphasizing specialization and innovative solutions to meet evolving surgical requirements.
Key Attractiveness of the Report
- 10 Years of Market Numbers
- Historical Data Starting from 2022 to 2025
- Base Year: 2025
- Forecast Data until 2032
- Key Performance Indicators Impacting the Market
- Major Upcoming Developments and Projects
Key Highlights of the Report:
- Global Surgical Glue Market Outlook
- Market Size of Global Surgical Glue Market, 2025
- Forecast of Global Surgical Glue Market, 2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Global Surgical Glue Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
- Global Surgical Glue Market Trend Evolution
- Global Surgical Glue Market Drivers and Challenges
- Global Surgical Glue Price Trends
- Global Surgical Glue Porter's Five Forces
- Global Surgical Glue Industry Life Cycle
- Historical Data and Forecast of Global Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume
- Historical Data and Forecast of Global Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Type for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Global Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Fibrin for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Global Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Collagen for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Global Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Gelatin for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Global Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Global Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Cardiovascular Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Global Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Orthopedic Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Global Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Cosmetic Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Global Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Central Nervous System Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Global Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Pulmonary Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Global Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By General Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Global Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Other for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of North America Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Type for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of North America Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Fibrin for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of North America Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Collagen for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of North America Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Gelatin for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of North America Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of North America Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Cardiovascular Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of North America Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Orthopedic Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of North America Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Cosmetic Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of North America Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Central Nervous System Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of North America Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Pulmonary Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of North America Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By General Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of North America Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Other for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of United States of America Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Canada Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of North America Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Type for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Fibrin for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Collagen for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Gelatin for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Cardiovascular Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Orthopedic Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Cosmetic Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Central Nervous System Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Pulmonary Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By General Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Other for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Brazil Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Mexico Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Argentina Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of LATAM Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Type for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Fibrin for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Collagen for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Gelatin for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Cardiovascular Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Orthopedic Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Cosmetic Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Central Nervous System Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Pulmonary Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By General Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Other for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of China Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of India Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Japan Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Asia Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Type for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Fibrin for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Collagen for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Gelatin for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Cardiovascular Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Orthopedic Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Cosmetic Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Central Nervous System Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Pulmonary Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By General Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Other for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of South Africa Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Nigeria Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Egypt Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Africa Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Type for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Fibrin for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Collagen for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Gelatin for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Cardiovascular Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Orthopedic Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Cosmetic Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Central Nervous System Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Pulmonary Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By General Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Other for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of United Kingdom Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of France Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Germany Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Europe Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Type for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Fibrin for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Collagen for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Gelatin for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Cardiovascular Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Orthopedic Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Cosmetic Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Central Nervous System Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Pulmonary Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By General Surgery for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume By Other for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Saudi Arabia Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of UAE Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Turkey Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
- Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Middle East Surgical Glue Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
- Global Surgical Glue Market - Key Performance Indicators
- Global Surgical Glue Market - Import Export Trade Statistics
- Global Surgical Glue Market - Opportunity Assessment By Countries
- Global Surgical Glue Market - Opportunity Assessment By Type
- Global Surgical Glue Market - Opportunity Assessment By Application
- Global Surgical Glue Market - Top Companies Market Share
- Global Surgical Glue Market - Top Companies Profiles
- Global Surgical Glue Market - Comparison of Players in Technical and Operating Parameters
- Global Surgical Glue Market - Strategic Recommendations
Markets Covered
The Global Surgical Glue Market report provides a detailed analysis of the following market segments:
By Regions and Countries:
- North America
- Europe
- LATAM
- Middle East
- Asia
- Africa
By Type:
- Fibrin
- Collagen
- Gelatin
By Application:
- Cardiovascular Surgery
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Cosmetic Surgery
- Central Nervous System Surgery
- Pulmonary Surgery
- General Surgery
- Other
