North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market (2025-2031) | Trends, Size, Analysis, Segmentation, Restraints, Competition, Segments, Drivers, Value, Companies, Competitive, Outlook, Supply, Growth, Industry, Strategy, Revenue, Consumer Insights, Forecast, Strategic Insights, Demand, Opportunities, Challenges, Share, Pricing Analysis, Investment Trends

Market Forecast by Countries (United States (US), Canada, Rest of North America), By Core Material (Silica, Fiberglass, Polyurethane), By Facing Material (Aluminum Foil, Polymer Film, Metal Sheets), By Application (Refrigeration, Building Insulation, Cold Chain Logistics), By Thickness (1050 mm, 50100 mm, Above 100 mm), By Thermal Conductivity (Low Thermal Conductivity, UltraLow Thermal Conductivity, High Durability) And Competitive Landscape
Product Code: ETC13370343 Publication Date: Apr 2025 Product Type: Market Research Report
Publisher: 6Wresearch No. of Pages: 150 No. of Figures: 55 No. of Tables: 32

Key Highlights of the Report:

  • North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Outlook
  • Market Size of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, 2024
  • Forecast of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Trend Evolution
  • North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Drivers and Challenges
  • North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Price Trends
  • North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Porter's Five Forces
  • North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Industry Life Cycle
  • Historical Data and Forecast of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Core Material for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Silica for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Fiberglass for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Polyurethane for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of United States (US) Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Core Material for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of United States (US) Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Silica for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of United States (US) Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Fiberglass for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of United States (US) Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Polyurethane for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Canada Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Core Material for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Canada Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Silica for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Canada Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Fiberglass for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Canada Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Polyurethane for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Core Material for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Silica for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Fiberglass for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Polyurethane for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Facing Material for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Aluminum Foil for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Polymer Film for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Metal Sheets for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of United States (US) Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Facing Material for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of United States (US) Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Aluminum Foil for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of United States (US) Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Polymer Film for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of United States (US) Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Metal Sheets for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Canada Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Facing Material for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Canada Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Aluminum Foil for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Canada Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Polymer Film for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Canada Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Metal Sheets for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Facing Material for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Aluminum Foil for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Polymer Film for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Metal Sheets for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Refrigeration for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Building Insulation for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Cold Chain Logistics for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of United States (US) Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of United States (US) Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Refrigeration for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of United States (US) Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Building Insulation for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of United States (US) Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Cold Chain Logistics for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Canada Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Canada Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Refrigeration for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Canada Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Building Insulation for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Canada Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Cold Chain Logistics for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Refrigeration for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Building Insulation for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Cold Chain Logistics for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Thickness for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By 1050 mm for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By 50100 mm for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Above 100 mm for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of United States (US) Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Thickness for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of United States (US) Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By 1050 mm for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of United States (US) Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By 50100 mm for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of United States (US) Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Above 100 mm for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Canada Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Thickness for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Canada Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By 1050 mm for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Canada Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By 50100 mm for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Canada Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Above 100 mm for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Thickness for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By 1050 mm for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By 50100 mm for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Above 100 mm for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Thermal Conductivity for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Low Thermal Conductivity for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By UltraLow Thermal Conductivity for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By High Durability for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of United States (US) Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Thermal Conductivity for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of United States (US) Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Low Thermal Conductivity for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of United States (US) Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By UltraLow Thermal Conductivity for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of United States (US) Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By High Durability for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Canada Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Thermal Conductivity for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Canada Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Low Thermal Conductivity for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Canada Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By UltraLow Thermal Conductivity for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Canada Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By High Durability for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Thermal Conductivity for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By Low Thermal Conductivity for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By UltraLow Thermal Conductivity for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume By High Durability for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • TOC_BulkHighlights_46301to46400__nusa.csv
  • North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market - Key Performance Indicators
  • North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market - Import Export Trade Statistics
  • North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market - Opportunity Assessment By Countries
  • North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market - Opportunity Assessment By Core Material
  • North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market - Opportunity Assessment By Facing Material
  • North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market - Opportunity Assessment By Application
  • North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market - Opportunity Assessment By Thickness
  • North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market - Opportunity Assessment By Thermal Conductivity
  • North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market - Top Companies Market Share
  • North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market - Top Companies Profiles
  • North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market - Comparison of Players in Technical and Operating Parameters
  • North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market - Strategic Recommendations

Frequently Asked Questions About the Market Study (FAQs):

How does 6W market outlook report help businesses in making decisions?
6W monitors the market across 60+ countries Globally, publishing an annual market outlook report that analyses trends, key drivers, Size, Volume, Revenue, opportunities, and market segments. This report offers comprehensive insights, helping businesses understand market dynamics and make informed decisions.
Do you also provide customisation in the market study?
Yes, we provide customisation as per your requirements. To learn more, feel free to contact us on sales@6wresearch.com

North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market

1 Executive Summary

2 Introduction

2.1 Key Highlights of the Report

2.2 Report Description

2.3 Market Scope & Segmentation

2.4 Research Methodology

2.5 Assumptions

3 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Overview

3.1 North America Regional Macro Economic Indicators

3.2 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume, 2021 & 2031F

3.3 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market - Industry Life Cycle

3.4 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market - Porter's Five Forces

3.5 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume Share, By Countries, 2021 & 2031F

3.6 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume Share, By Core Material, 2021 & 2031F

3.7 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume Share, By Facing Material, 2021 & 2031F

3.8 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume Share, By Application, 2021 & 2031F

3.9 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume Share, By Thickness, 2021 & 2031F

3.10 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume Share, By Thermal Conductivity, 2021 & 2031F

4 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Dynamics

4.1 Impact Analysis

4.2 Market Drivers

4.3 Market Restraints

5 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Trends

6 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, 2021 - 2031

6.1 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Core Material, 2021 - 2031

6.1.1 Overview & Analysis

6.1.2 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Silica, 2021 - 2031

6.1.3 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Fiberglass, 2021 - 2031

6.1.4 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Polyurethane, 2021 - 2031

6.2 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Facing Material, 2021 - 2031

6.2.1 Overview & Analysis

6.2.2 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Aluminum Foil, 2021 - 2031

6.2.3 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Polymer Film, 2021 - 2031

6.2.4 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Metal Sheets, 2021 - 2031

6.3 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Application, 2021 - 2031

6.3.1 Overview & Analysis

6.3.2 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Refrigeration, 2021 - 2031

6.3.3 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Building Insulation, 2021 - 2031

6.3.4 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Cold Chain Logistics, 2021 - 2031

6.4 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Thickness, 2021 - 2031

6.4.2 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By 1050 mm, 2021 - 2031

6.4.3 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By 50100 mm, 2021 - 2031

6.4.4 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Above 100 mm, 2020 - 2028

6.5 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Thermal Conductivity, 2020 - 2028

6.5.1 Overview & Analysis

6.5.2 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Low Thermal Conductivity, 2020 - 2028

6.5.3 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By UltraLow Thermal Conductivity, 2020 - 2028

6.5.4 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By High Durability, 2020 - 2028

7 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, By Countries, 2021 - 2031

7.1 Overview & Analysis

7.2 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Core Material, 2021 - 2031

7.2.1 United States (US) Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Core Material, 2021 - 2031

7.2.2 Canada Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Core Material, 2021 - 2031

7.2.3 Rest of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Core Material, 2021 - 2031

7.3 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenues & Volume Share, By Facing Material, 2021 & 2031F

7.3.1 United States (US) Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Facing Material, 2021 - 2031

7.3.2 Canada Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Facing Material, 2021 - 2031

7.3.3 Rest of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Facing Material, 2021 - 2031

7.4 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Application, 2021 - 2031

7.4.1 United States (US) Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Application, 2021 - 2031

7.4.2 Canada Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Application, 2021 - 2031

7.4.3 Rest of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Application, 2021 - 2031

7.5 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Thickness, 2021 - 2031

7.5.1 United States (US) Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Thickness, 2021 - 2031

7.5.2 Canada Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Thickness, 2021 - 2031

7.5.3 Rest of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Thickness, 2021 - 2031

7.6 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Thermal Conductivity, 2021 - 2031

7.6.1 United States (US) Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Thermal Conductivity, 2021 - 2031

7.6.2 Canada Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Thermal Conductivity, 2021 - 2031

7.6.3 Rest of North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market, Revenues & Volume, By Thermal Conductivity, 2021 - 2031

8 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Key Performance Indicators

9 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market - Export/Import By Countries Assessment

10 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market - Opportunity Assessment

10.1 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Opportunity Assessment, By Countries, 2021 & 2031F

10.2 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Opportunity Assessment, By Core Material, 2021 & 2031F

10.3 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Opportunity Assessment, By Facing Material, 2021 & 2031F

10.4 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Opportunity Assessment, By Application, 2021 & 2031F

10.5 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Opportunity Assessment, By Thickness, 2021 & 2031F

10.6 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Opportunity Assessment, By Thermal Conductivity, 2021 & 2031F

11 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market - Competitive Landscape

11.1 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Revenue Share, By Companies, 2022

11.2 North America Vacuum Insulation Panel Market Competitive Benchmarking, By Operating and Technical Parameters

12 Top 10 Company Profiles

13 Recommendations

14 Disclaimer

Related Report Available


×
Go to New Report No! I want to read this
Pricing
  • Single User License
    $ 4,560
  • Department License
    $ 5,055
  • Site License
    $ 5,595
  • Global License
    $ 6,000
Buy Now
6Wresearch Support

Any Query

Call: +91-11-4302-4305
Email us: sales@6wresearch.com
Any Query? Click Here

Search

Related Reports

Industry Events and Analyst Meet

RoTIC Symposium 2025 – Middle East Rotating Machinery Technology & Innovation Symposium

RoTIC Symposium 2025 – Middle East Rotating Machinery Technology & Innovation Symposium

2nd CYBER FIRST QATAR EDITION

2nd CYBER FIRST QATAR EDITION

Truck Trailer and Tyre Expo 2025

Truck Trailer and Tyre Expo 2025

Dairy, Food and Bakery Expo 2025

Dairy, Food and Bakery Expo 2025

Dairy and Food Expo 2025

Dairy and Food Expo 2025

Our Clients

Airtel
Canon
Contec
HoneyWell
Kriloskar
Pwc Logo
Samsung
Tata Teleservices

Whitepaper

Read All

6WResearch In News

Read All
About Us

6Wresearch is the premier, one stop market intelligence and advisory center, known for its best in class business research and consulting activity. We provide industry research reports and consulting service across different industries and geographies which provide industry players an in-depth coverage and help them in decision making before investing or enter into a particular geography.

  • twitter logo
  • facebook logo
  • linkedin logo
Company
About Us
Events
Careers
Privacy Policy
Terms & Conditions
Delivery
Disclaimer
Contact Us
Services
ADVISORY & CONSULTING
FEASIBILITY STUDIES & BUSINESS PLAN
COMPETITORS INTELLIGENCE
CHANNEL & DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY
PROCUREMENT INTELLIGENCE
CUSTOMER BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS
BUSINESS MODELS & KEY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS ANALYSIS
Verticals
Aerospace and Defense
Chemicals and Materials
Semiconductor and Electronics
Power, Utility and Oil & Gas
Heavy Industry
Telecom, Information & Communication Technology
Healthcare
Automotive
Consumer Staples
Banking, Financial and Legal Services
Metals and Minerals
Media and Entertainment
Miscellaneous
©2025 6Wresearch, All Right Reserved