Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market (2025-2031) | Revenue, Supply, Opportunities, Trends, Investment Trends, Pricing Analysis, Competition, Challenges, Forecast, Segments, Value, Consumer Insights, Size, Strategic Insights, Strategy, Industry, Restraints, Demand, Analysis, Outlook, Drivers, Competitive, Companies, Share, Growth, Segmentation

Market Forecast by Countries (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, Turkey and Rest of Middle East), By Power Capacity (5-50 Watts, 50-100 Watts, 100-200 Watts, More Than 200 Watts), By Application (Flashlight, Camera, Radio, Mini Fans, Others) And Competitive Landscape
Product Code: ETC13260894 Publication Date: Apr 2025 Product Type: Market Research Report
Publisher: 6Wresearch No. of Pages: 150 No. of Figures: 55 No. of Tables: 32

Key Highlights of the Report:

  • Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Outlook
  • Market Size of Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market, 2024
  • Forecast of Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market, 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Trend Evolution
  • Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Drivers and Challenges
  • Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Price Trends
  • Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Porter's Five Forces
  • Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Industry Life Cycle
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Power Capacity for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By 5-50 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By 50-100 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By 100-200 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By More Than 200 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Saudi Arabia Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Power Capacity for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Saudi Arabia Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By 5-50 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Saudi Arabia Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By 50-100 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Saudi Arabia Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By 100-200 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Saudi Arabia Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By More Than 200 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of UAE Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Power Capacity for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of UAE Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By 5-50 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of UAE Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By 50-100 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of UAE Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By 100-200 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of UAE Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By More Than 200 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Kuwait Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Power Capacity for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Kuwait Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By 5-50 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Kuwait Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By 50-100 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Kuwait Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By 100-200 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Kuwait Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By More Than 200 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Qatar Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Power Capacity for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Qatar Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By 5-50 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Qatar Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By 50-100 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Qatar Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By 100-200 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Qatar Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By More Than 200 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Bahrain Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Power Capacity for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Bahrain Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By 5-50 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Bahrain Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By 50-100 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Bahrain Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By 100-200 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Bahrain Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By More Than 200 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Oman Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Power Capacity for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Oman Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By 5-50 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Oman Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By 50-100 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Oman Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By 100-200 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Oman Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By More Than 200 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Turkey Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Power Capacity for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Turkey Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By 5-50 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Turkey Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By 50-100 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Turkey Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By 100-200 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Turkey Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By More Than 200 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Power Capacity for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By 5-50 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By 50-100 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By 100-200 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By More Than 200 Watts for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Flashlight for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Camera for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Radio for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Mini Fans for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Saudi Arabia Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Saudi Arabia Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Flashlight for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Saudi Arabia Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Camera for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Saudi Arabia Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Radio for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Saudi Arabia Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Mini Fans for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Saudi Arabia Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of UAE Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of UAE Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Flashlight for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of UAE Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Camera for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of UAE Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Radio for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of UAE Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Mini Fans for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of UAE Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Kuwait Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Kuwait Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Flashlight for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Kuwait Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Camera for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Kuwait Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Radio for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Kuwait Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Mini Fans for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Kuwait Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Qatar Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Qatar Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Flashlight for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Qatar Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Camera for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Qatar Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Radio for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Qatar Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Mini Fans for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Qatar Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Bahrain Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Bahrain Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Flashlight for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Bahrain Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Camera for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Bahrain Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Radio for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Bahrain Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Mini Fans for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Bahrain Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Oman Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Oman Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Flashlight for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Oman Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Camera for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Oman Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Radio for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Oman Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Mini Fans for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Oman Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Turkey Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Turkey Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Flashlight for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Turkey Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Camera for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Turkey Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Radio for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Turkey Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Mini Fans for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Turkey Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Flashlight for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Camera for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Radio for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Mini Fans for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
  • Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market - Key Performance Indicators
  • Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market - Import Export Trade Statistics
  • Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market - Opportunity Assessment By Countries
  • Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market - Opportunity Assessment By Power Capacity
  • Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market - Opportunity Assessment By Application
  • Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market - Top Companies Market Share
  • Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market - Top Companies Profiles
  • Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market - Comparison of Players in Technical and Operating Parameters
  • Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market - Strategic Recommendations

Frequently Asked Questions About the Market Study (FAQs):

How does 6Wresearch market report help businesses in making strategic decisions?
6Wresearch actively monitors the Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market and publishes its comprehensive annual report, highlighting emerging trends, growth drivers, revenue analysis, and forecast outlook. Our insights help businesses to make data-backed strategic decisions with ongoing market dynamics. Our analysts track relevent industries related to the Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market, allowing our clients with actionable intelligence and reliable forecasts tailored to emerging regional needs.
Do you also provide customisation in the market study?
Yes, we provide customisation as per your requirements. To learn more, feel free to contact us on sales@6wresearch.com

Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market

1 Executive Summary

2 Introduction

2.1 Key Highlights of the Report

2.2 Report Description

2.3 Market Scope & Segmentation

2.4 Research Methodology

2.5 Assumptions

3 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Overview

3.1 Middle East Regional Macro Economic Indicators

3.2 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume, 2021 & 2031F

3.3 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market - Industry Life Cycle

3.4 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market - Porter's Five Forces

3.5 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume Share, By Countries, 2021 & 2031F

3.6 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume Share, By Power Capacity, 2021 & 2031F

3.7 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume Share, By Application, 2021 & 2031F

4 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Dynamics

4.1 Impact Analysis

4.2 Market Drivers

4.3 Market Restraints

5 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Trends

6 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market, 2021 - 2031

6.1 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market, Revenues & Volume, By Power Capacity, 2021 - 2031

6.1.1 Overview & Analysis

6.1.2 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market, Revenues & Volume, By 5-50 Watts, 2021 - 2031

6.1.3 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market, Revenues & Volume, By 50-100 Watts, 2021 - 2031

6.1.4 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market, Revenues & Volume, By 100-200 Watts, 2021 - 2031

6.1.5 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market, Revenues & Volume, By More Than 200 Watts, 2021 - 2031

6.2 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market, Revenues & Volume, By Application, 2021 - 2031

6.2.1 Overview & Analysis

6.2.2 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market, Revenues & Volume, By Flashlight, 2021 - 2031

6.2.3 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market, Revenues & Volume, By Camera, 2021 - 2031

6.2.4 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market, Revenues & Volume, By Radio, 2021 - 2031

6.2.5 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market, Revenues & Volume, By Mini Fans, 2021 - 2031

6.2.6 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market, Revenues & Volume, By Others, 2021 - 2031

7 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market, By Countries, 2021 - 2031

7.1 Overview & Analysis

7.2 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market, Revenues & Volume, By Power Capacity, 2021 - 2031

7.2.1 Saudi Arabia Hand Crank Power Generator Market, Revenues & Volume, By Power Capacity, 2021 - 2031

7.2.2 UAE Hand Crank Power Generator Market, Revenues & Volume, By Power Capacity, 2021 - 2031

7.2.3 Kuwait Hand Crank Power Generator Market, Revenues & Volume, By Power Capacity, 2021 - 2031

7.2.4 Qatar Hand Crank Power Generator Market, Revenues & Volume, By Power Capacity, 2021 - 2031

7.2.5 Bahrain Hand Crank Power Generator Market, Revenues & Volume, By Power Capacity, 2021 - 2031

7.2.6 Oman Hand Crank Power Generator Market, Revenues & Volume, By Power Capacity, 2021 - 2031

7.2.7 Turkey Hand Crank Power Generator Market, Revenues & Volume, By Power Capacity, 2021 - 2031

7.2.8 Rest of Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market, Revenues & Volume, By Power Capacity, 2021 - 2031

7.3 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenues & Volume Share, By Application, 2021 & 2031F

7.3.1 Saudi Arabia Hand Crank Power Generator Market, Revenues & Volume, By Application, 2021 - 2031

7.3.2 UAE Hand Crank Power Generator Market, Revenues & Volume, By Application, 2021 - 2031

7.3.3 Kuwait Hand Crank Power Generator Market, Revenues & Volume, By Application, 2021 - 2031

7.3.4 Qatar Hand Crank Power Generator Market, Revenues & Volume, By Application, 2021 - 2031

7.3.5 Bahrain Hand Crank Power Generator Market, Revenues & Volume, By Application, 2021 - 2031

7.3.6 Oman Hand Crank Power Generator Market, Revenues & Volume, By Application, 2021 - 2031

7.3.7 Turkey Hand Crank Power Generator Market, Revenues & Volume, By Application, 2021 - 2031

7.3.8 Rest of Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market, Revenues & Volume, By Application, 2021 - 2031

8 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Key Performance Indicators

9 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market - Export/Import By Countries Assessment

10 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market - Opportunity Assessment

10.1 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Opportunity Assessment, By Countries, 2021 & 2031F

10.2 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Opportunity Assessment, By Power Capacity, 2021 & 2031F

10.3 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Opportunity Assessment, By Application, 2021 & 2031F

11 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market - Competitive Landscape

11.1 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Revenue Share, By Companies, 2022

11.2 Middle East Hand Crank Power Generator Market Competitive Benchmarking, By Operating and Technical Parameters

12 Top 10 Company Profiles

13 Recommendations

14 Disclaimer

Related Report Available


×
Go to New Report No! I want to read this
Pricing
  • Single User License
    $ 4,560
  • Department License
    $ 5,055
  • Site License
    $ 5,595
  • Global License
    $ 6,000
Buy Now
6Wresearch Support

Any Query

Call: +91-11-4302-4305
Email us: sales@6wresearch.com
Any Query? Click Here

Search

Related Reports

Industry Events and Analyst Meet

4th Edition India Energy Conclave 2025

4th Edition India Energy Conclave 2025

Media Expo 2025

Media Expo 2025

Gas India Expo 2025

Gas India Expo 2025

Consumer Electronics World Expo 2025

Consumer Electronics World Expo 2025

Gifts World Expo 2025

Gifts World Expo 2025

Our Clients

Airtel
Canon
Contec
HoneyWell
Kriloskar
Pwc Logo
Samsung
Tata Teleservices

Whitepaper

Read All

6WResearch In News

Read All
About Us

6Wresearch is the premier, one stop market intelligence and advisory center, known for its best in class business research and consulting activity. We provide industry research reports and consulting service across different industries and geographies which provide industry players an in-depth coverage and help them in decision making before investing or enter into a particular geography.

  • twitter logo
  • facebook logo
  • linkedin logo
Company
About Us
Events
Careers
Privacy Policy
Terms & Conditions
Delivery
Disclaimer
Contact Us
Services
ADVISORY & CONSULTING
FEASIBILITY STUDIES & BUSINESS PLAN
COMPETITORS INTELLIGENCE
CHANNEL & DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY
PROCUREMENT INTELLIGENCE
CUSTOMER BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS
BUSINESS MODELS & KEY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS ANALYSIS
Verticals
Aerospace and Defense
Chemicals and Materials
Semiconductor and Electronics
Power, Utility and Oil & Gas
Heavy Industry
Telecom, Information & Communication Technology
Healthcare
Automotive
Consumer Staples
Banking, Financial and Legal Services
Metals and Minerals
Media and Entertainment
Miscellaneous
©2025 6Wresearch, All Right Reserved