Product Code: ETC13210957 | Publication Date: Apr 2025 | Updated Date: Jul 2025 | Product Type: Market Research Report | |
Publisher: 6Wresearch | Author: Summon Dutta | No. of Pages: 190 | No. of Figures: 80 | No. of Tables: 40 |
According to 6Wresearch internal database and industry insights, the Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market was valued at USD 0.08 Billion in 2024 and is expected to reach USD 0.12 Billion by 2031, growing at a compound annual growth rate of 6.20% during the forecast period (2025-2031).
The Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market is witnessing steady growth driven by increasing awareness, improved diagnostic techniques, and a rising prevalence of cerebral vasculitis worldwide. The market is primarily fueled by the surging demand for effective treatments to manage this rare inflammatory condition that affects blood vessels in the brain. Key market players are focusing on developing innovative therapies to address the unmet medical needs of patients, thereby driving market expansion. Factors such as growing healthcare expenditure, advancements in healthcare infrastructure, and rising research and development activities are further propelling the market growth. However, challenges such as high treatment costs and potential side effects of medications may hinder market progress. Overall, the Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market is poised for significant growth in the coming years as healthcare systems continue to prioritize rare disease management.
The Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market is witnessing significant growth due to increasing awareness about the condition, advancements in diagnostic techniques, and rising prevalence of autoimmune diseases. Key trends include the development of targeted therapies for specific types of cerebral vasculitis, the adoption of biologics for more effective treatment outcomes, and the emphasis on early diagnosis and personalized treatment approaches. Opportunities in the market lie in the increasing research and development activities for innovative treatment options, expanding healthcare infrastructure in emerging markets, and collaborations between pharmaceutical companies and research institutions to develop novel therapies. Overall, the market is poised for growth with a focus on improving patient outcomes and quality of life through advancements in treatment options.
One of the key challenges in the Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market is the lack of awareness and understanding of the disease, leading to underdiagnosis and delayed treatment. Cerebral vasculitis is a rare condition characterized by inflammation of blood vessels in the brain, making it difficult to diagnose accurately. Additionally, the symptoms of cerebral vasculitis can mimic those of other neurological conditions, further complicating the diagnostic process. Limited treatment options and the high cost of existing therapies also present challenges for patients and healthcare providers. Moreover, the market faces issues related to the development of new and effective treatments due to the complexity of the disease and the relatively small patient population, which may hinder investment in research and development efforts.
The Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market is primarily driven by factors such as the increasing prevalence of cerebral vasculitis worldwide, advancements in diagnostic techniques for early detection, and the growing focus on research and development activities to introduce innovative treatment options. Additionally, the rising awareness among healthcare professionals and patients about the symptoms and complications of cerebral vasculitis is leading to a higher rate of diagnosis and treatment initiation. Moreover, the escalating healthcare expenditure, improving healthcare infrastructure, and favorable reimbursement policies in certain regions are also contributing to the growth of the market by facilitating access to effective treatment options for cerebral vasculitis patients.
Government policies related to the Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market primarily focus on ensuring the safety and efficacy of treatments through regulatory oversight and approval processes. Health authorities such as the FDA in the United States and EMA in Europe set guidelines for the development, testing, and marketing of medications for cerebral vasculitis, aiming to protect public health. Additionally, governments may provide funding for research and development initiatives to advance treatment options and improve patient outcomes. Policies also address issues such as pricing and reimbursement to ensure access to necessary treatments for patients. Overall, government regulations play a crucial role in shaping the landscape of the Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market by promoting innovation, safety, and affordability.
The Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market is expected to witness steady growth in the coming years due to factors such as increasing prevalence of autoimmune diseases, advancements in medical technology, and rising awareness about early diagnosis and treatment options. The market is likely to be driven by the development of targeted therapies, improved diagnostic tools, and a growing pipeline of novel drugs. Additionally, the rising healthcare expenditure in both developed and developing countries is expected to further boost the market growth. However, challenges such as high treatment costs, lack of awareness among patients and healthcare providers, and stringent regulatory requirements may hinder the market expansion to some extent. Overall, the Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market is projected to show positive growth trends in the foreseeable future.
In the Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, different regions exhibit varying trends. In Asia, the market is expected to witness significant growth due to the increasing awareness about cerebral vasculitis and improving healthcare infrastructure. North America is anticipated to dominate the market, driven by high healthcare spending, advanced medical facilities, and a robust research and development sector. Europe is poised to show steady growth, supported by government initiatives promoting research in rare diseases and neurological disorders. In the Middle East and Africa, there is a growing focus on improving access to healthcare services, which is likely to drive market growth. Latin America is expected to experience moderate growth due to improving healthcare facilities and rising prevalence of cerebral vasculitis cases in the region.
Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market |
1 Executive Summary |
2 Introduction |
2.1 Key Highlights of the Report |
2.2 Report Description |
2.3 Market Scope & Segmentation |
2.4 Research Methodology |
2.5 Assumptions |
3 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Overview |
3.1 Global Regional Macro Economic Indicators |
3.2 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Revenues & Volume, 2021 & 2031F |
3.3 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market - Industry Life Cycle |
3.4 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market - Porter's Five Forces |
3.5 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Revenues & Volume Share, By Regions, 2021 & 2031F |
3.6 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Revenues & Volume Share, By Type, 2021 & 2031F |
3.7 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Revenues & Volume Share, By Treatment, 2021 & 2031F |
3.8 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Revenues & Volume Share, By Diagnosis, 2021 & 2031F |
3.9 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Revenues & Volume Share, By Dosage, 2021 & 2031F |
3.10 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Revenues & Volume Share, By Route of Administration, 2021 & 2031F |
3.11 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Revenues & Volume Share, By Symptoms, 2021 & 2031F |
3.12 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Revenues & Volume Share, By End-Users, 2021 & 2031F |
3.13 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Revenues & Volume Share, By Distribution Channel, 2021 & 2031F |
4 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Dynamics |
4.1 Impact Analysis |
4.2 Market Drivers |
4.3 Market Restraints |
5 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Trends |
6 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, 2021 - 2031 |
6.1 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Type, 2021 - 2031 |
6.1.1 Overview & Analysis |
6.1.2 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Primary, 2021 - 2031 |
6.1.3 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Secondary, 2021 - 2031 |
6.2 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Treatment, 2021 - 2031 |
6.2.1 Overview & Analysis |
6.2.2 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Corticosteroids, 2021 - 2031 |
6.2.3 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Immunosuppressive Drugs, 2021 - 2031 |
6.2.4 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Speech Therapy, 2021 - 2031 |
6.2.5 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Physical Therapy, 2021 - 2031 |
6.2.6 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Others, 2021 - 2031 |
6.3 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Diagnosis, 2021 - 2031 |
6.3.1 Overview & Analysis |
6.3.2 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Cerebral Angiogram, 2021 - 2031 |
6.3.3 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By MRI, 2021 - 2031 |
6.3.4 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By CT scan, 2021 - 2031 |
6.3.5 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Biopsy, 2021 - 2031 |
6.3.6 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Others, 2021 - 2031 |
6.4 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Dosage, 2021 - 2031 |
6.4.1 Overview & Analysis |
6.4.2 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Tablet, 2021 - 2031 |
6.4.3 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Injection, 2021 - 2031 |
6.4.4 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Others, 2021 - 2031 |
6.5 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Route of Administration, 2021 - 2031 |
6.5.1 Overview & Analysis |
6.5.2 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Oral, 2021 - 2031 |
6.5.3 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Intravenous, 2021 - 2031 |
6.5.4 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Others, 2021 - 2031 |
6.6 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Symptoms, 2021 - 2031 |
6.6.1 Overview & Analysis |
6.6.2 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Fatigue, 2021 - 2031 |
6.6.3 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Seizures, 2021 - 2031 |
6.6.4 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Weight loss, 2021 - 2031 |
6.6.5 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Strokes, 2021 - 2031 |
6.6.6 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Confusion, 2021 - 2031 |
6.6.7 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Fever, 2021 - 2031 |
6.6.8 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Sensation abnormalities, 2021 - 2031 |
6.6.9 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Others, 2021 - 2031 |
6.7 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By End-Users, 2021 - 2031 |
6.7.1 Overview & Analysis |
6.7.2 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Hospitals, 2021 - 2031 |
6.7.3 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Clinics, 2021 - 2031 |
6.7.4 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Others, 2021 - 2031 |
6.8 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Distribution Channel, 2021 - 2031 |
6.8.1 Overview & Analysis |
6.8.2 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Hospital Pharmacy, 2021 - 2031 |
6.8.3 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Retail Pharmacy, 2021 - 2031 |
6.8.4 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Online Pharmacy, 2021 - 2031 |
7 North America Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Overview & Analysis |
7.1 North America Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Revenues & Volume, 2021 - 2031 |
7.2 North America Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Countries, 2021 - 2031 |
7.2.1 United States (US) Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, 2021 - 2031 |
7.2.2 Canada Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, 2021 - 2031 |
7.2.3 Rest of North America Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, 2021 - 2031 |
7.3 North America Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Type, 2021 - 2031 |
7.4 North America Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Treatment, 2021 - 2031 |
7.5 North America Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Diagnosis, 2021 - 2031 |
7.6 North America Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Dosage, 2021 - 2031 |
7.7 North America Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Route of Administration, 2021 - 2031 |
7.8 North America Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Symptoms, 2021 - 2031 |
7.9 North America Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By End-Users, 2021 - 2031 |
7.10 North America Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Distribution Channel, 2021 - 2031 |
8 Latin America (LATAM) Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Overview & Analysis |
8.1 Latin America (LATAM) Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Revenues & Volume, 2021 - 2031 |
8.2 Latin America (LATAM) Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Countries, 2021 - 2031 |
8.2.1 Brazil Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, 2021 - 2031 |
8.2.2 Mexico Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, 2021 - 2031 |
8.2.3 Argentina Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, 2021 - 2031 |
8.2.4 Rest of LATAM Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, 2021 - 2031 |
8.3 Latin America (LATAM) Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Type, 2021 - 2031 |
8.4 Latin America (LATAM) Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Treatment, 2021 - 2031 |
8.5 Latin America (LATAM) Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Diagnosis, 2021 - 2031 |
8.6 Latin America (LATAM) Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Dosage, 2021 - 2031 |
8.7 Latin America (LATAM) Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Route of Administration, 2021 - 2031 |
8.8 Latin America (LATAM) Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Symptoms, 2021 - 2031 |
8.9 Latin America (LATAM) Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By End-Users, 2021 - 2031 |
8.10 Latin America (LATAM) Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Distribution Channel, 2021 - 2031 |
9 Asia Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Overview & Analysis |
9.1 Asia Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Revenues & Volume, 2021 - 2031 |
9.2 Asia Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Countries, 2021 - 2031 |
9.2.1 India Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, 2021 - 2031 |
9.2.2 China Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, 2021 - 2031 |
9.2.3 Japan Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, 2021 - 2031 |
9.2.4 Rest of Asia Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, 2021 - 2031 |
9.3 Asia Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Type, 2021 - 2031 |
9.4 Asia Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Treatment, 2021 - 2031 |
9.5 Asia Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Diagnosis, 2021 - 2031 |
9.6 Asia Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Dosage, 2021 - 2031 |
9.7 Asia Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Route of Administration, 2021 - 2031 |
9.8 Asia Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Symptoms, 2021 - 2031 |
9.9 Asia Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By End-Users, 2021 - 2031 |
9.10 Asia Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Distribution Channel, 2021 - 2031 |
10 Africa Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Overview & Analysis |
10.1 Africa Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Revenues & Volume, 2021 - 2031 |
10.2 Africa Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Countries, 2021 - 2031 |
10.2.1 South Africa Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, 2021 - 2031 |
10.2.2 Egypt Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, 2021 - 2031 |
10.2.3 Nigeria Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, 2021 - 2031 |
10.2.4 Rest of Africa Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, 2021 - 2031 |
10.3 Africa Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Type, 2021 - 2031 |
10.4 Africa Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Treatment, 2021 - 2031 |
10.5 Africa Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Diagnosis, 2021 - 2031 |
10.6 Africa Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Dosage, 2021 - 2031 |
10.7 Africa Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Route of Administration, 2021 - 2031 |
10.8 Africa Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Symptoms, 2021 - 2031 |
10.9 Africa Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By End-Users, 2021 - 2031 |
10.10 Africa Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Distribution Channel, 2021 - 2031 |
11 Europe Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Overview & Analysis |
11.1 Europe Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Revenues & Volume, 2021 - 2031 |
11.2 Europe Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Countries, 2021 - 2031 |
11.2.1 United Kingdom Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, 2021 - 2031 |
11.2.2 Germany Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, 2021 - 2031 |
11.2.3 France Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, 2021 - 2031 |
11.2.4 Rest of Europe Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, 2021 - 2031 |
11.3 Europe Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Type, 2021 - 2031 |
11.4 Europe Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Treatment, 2021 - 2031 |
11.5 Europe Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Diagnosis, 2021 - 2031 |
11.6 Europe Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Dosage, 2021 - 2031 |
11.7 Europe Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Route of Administration, 2021 - 2031 |
11.8 Europe Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Symptoms, 2021 - 2031 |
11.9 Europe Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By End-Users, 2021 - 2031 |
11.10 Europe Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Distribution Channel, 2021 - 2031 |
12 Middle East Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Overview & Analysis |
12.1 Middle East Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Revenues & Volume, 2021 - 2031 |
12.2 Middle East Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Countries, 2021 - 2031 |
12.2.1 Saudi Arabia Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, 2021 - 2031 |
12.2.2 UAE Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, 2021 - 2031 |
12.2.3 Turkey Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, 2021 - 2031 |
12.3 Middle East Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Type, 2021 - 2031 |
12.4 Middle East Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Treatment, 2021 - 2031 |
12.5 Middle East Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Diagnosis, 2021 - 2031 |
12.6 Middle East Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Dosage, 2021 - 2031 |
12.7 Middle East Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Route of Administration, 2021 - 2031 |
12.8 Middle East Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Symptoms, 2021 - 2031 |
12.9 Middle East Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By End-Users, 2021 - 2031 |
12.10 Middle East Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market, Revenues & Volume, By Distribution Channel, 2021 - 2031 |
13 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Key Performance Indicators |
14 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market - Export/Import By Countries Assessment |
15 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market - Opportunity Assessment |
15.1 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Opportunity Assessment, By Countries, 2021 & 2031F |
15.2 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Opportunity Assessment, By Type, 2021 & 2031F |
15.3 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Opportunity Assessment, By Treatment, 2021 & 2031F |
15.4 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Opportunity Assessment, By Diagnosis, 2021 & 2031F |
15.5 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Opportunity Assessment, By Dosage, 2021 & 2031F |
15.6 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Opportunity Assessment, By Route of Administration, 2021 & 2031F |
15.7 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Opportunity Assessment, By Symptoms, 2021 & 2031F |
15.8 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Opportunity Assessment, By End-Users, 2021 & 2031F |
15.9 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Opportunity Assessment, By Distribution Channel, 2021 & 2031F |
16 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market - Competitive Landscape |
16.1 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Revenue Share, By Companies, 2024 |
16.2 Global Cerebral Vasculitis Treatment Market Competitive Benchmarking, By Operating and Technical Parameters |
17 Top 10 Company Profiles |
18 Recommendations |
19 Disclaimer |