Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market (2025-2031) | Industry, Companies, Share, Demand, Drivers, Consumer Insights, Trends, Competitive, Value, Supply, Growth, Outlook, Competition, Forecast, Segmentation, Strategy, Investment Trends, Pricing Analysis, Opportunities, Segments, Size, Challenges, Restraints, Strategic Insights, Analysis, Revenue

Name: Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market (2025 - 2031) | Trends, Outlook & Forecast
Creator: 6Wresearch
License: https://www.6wresearch.com/privacy-policy
Keywords: Entrance Floor Mat Market, Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues, Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Share, Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Size, Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Outlook, Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Report, Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Competition, Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Overview, Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Trends, Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Forecast

Market Forecast by Countries (South Africa, Egypt, Nigeria, and Rest of Africa), By Product (Scrapper and Wiper, Anti-Fatigue Mats, Logo Mats, Specialty Mats, Others), By Application (Indoor, Outdoor), By End User (Commercial, Residential), By Material (Coir, Cotton, Nylon, Polypropylene, Rubber, Vinyl, Others) And Competitive Landscape

Product Code: ETC13172884	Publication Date: Apr 2025	Product Type: Market Research Report
Publisher: 6Wresearch	No. of Pages: 150	No. of Figures: 55	No. of Tables: 32

Key Highlights of the Report:

Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Outlook
Market Size of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, 2024
Forecast of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Revenues & Volume for the Period 2021 - 2031
Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Trend Evolution
Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Drivers and Challenges
Africa Entrance Floor Mat Price Trends
Africa Entrance Floor Mat Porter's Five Forces
Africa Entrance Floor Mat Industry Life Cycle
Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Product for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Scrapper and Wiper for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Anti-Fatigue Mats for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Logo Mats for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Specialty Mats for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of South Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Product for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of South Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Scrapper and Wiper for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of South Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Anti-Fatigue Mats for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of South Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Logo Mats for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of South Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Specialty Mats for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of South Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Egypt Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Product for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Egypt Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Scrapper and Wiper for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Egypt Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Anti-Fatigue Mats for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Egypt Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Logo Mats for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Egypt Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Specialty Mats for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Egypt Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Nigeria Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Product for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Nigeria Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Scrapper and Wiper for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Nigeria Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Anti-Fatigue Mats for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Nigeria Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Logo Mats for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Nigeria Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Specialty Mats for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Nigeria Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Product for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Scrapper and Wiper for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Anti-Fatigue Mats for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Logo Mats for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Specialty Mats for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Indoor for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Outdoor for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of South Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of South Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Indoor for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of South Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Outdoor for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Egypt Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Egypt Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Indoor for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Egypt Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Outdoor for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Nigeria Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Nigeria Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Indoor for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Nigeria Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Outdoor for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Application for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Indoor for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Outdoor for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By End User for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Commercial for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Residential for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of South Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By End User for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of South Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Commercial for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of South Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Residential for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Egypt Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By End User for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Egypt Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Commercial for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Egypt Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Residential for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Nigeria Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By End User for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Nigeria Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Commercial for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Nigeria Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Residential for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By End User for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Commercial for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Residential for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Material for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Coir for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Cotton for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Nylon for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Polypropylene for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Rubber for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Vinyl for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of South Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Material for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of South Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Coir for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of South Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Cotton for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of South Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Nylon for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of South Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Polypropylene for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of South Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Rubber for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of South Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Vinyl for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of South Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Egypt Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Material for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Egypt Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Coir for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Egypt Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Cotton for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Egypt Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Nylon for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Egypt Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Polypropylene for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Egypt Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Rubber for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Egypt Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Vinyl for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Egypt Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Nigeria Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Material for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Nigeria Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Coir for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Nigeria Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Cotton for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Nigeria Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Nylon for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Nigeria Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Polypropylene for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Nigeria Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Rubber for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Nigeria Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Vinyl for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Nigeria Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Material for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Coir for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Cotton for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Nylon for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Polypropylene for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Rubber for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Vinyl for the Period 2021 - 2031
Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume By Others for the Period 2021 - 2031
Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market - Key Performance Indicators
Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market - Import Export Trade Statistics
Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market - Opportunity Assessment By Countries
Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market - Opportunity Assessment By Product
Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market - Opportunity Assessment By Application
Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market - Opportunity Assessment By End User
Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market - Opportunity Assessment By Material
Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market - Top Companies Market Share
Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market - Top Companies Profiles
Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market - Comparison of Players in Technical and Operating Parameters
Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market - Strategic Recommendations

Frequently Asked Questions About the Market Study (FAQs):

How does 6Wresearch market report help businesses in making strategic decisions?

Do you also provide customisation in the market study?

Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market

1 Executive Summary

2 Introduction

2.1 Key Highlights of the Report

2.2 Report Description

2.3 Market Scope & Segmentation

2.4 Research Methodology

2.5 Assumptions

3 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Overview

3.1 Africa Regional Macro Economic Indicators

3.2 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume, 2021 & 2031F

3.3 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market - Industry Life Cycle

3.4 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market - Porter's Five Forces

3.5 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume Share, By Countries, 2021 & 2031F

3.6 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume Share, By Product, 2021 & 2031F

3.7 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume Share, By Application, 2021 & 2031F

3.8 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume Share, By End User, 2021 & 2031F

3.9 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume Share, By Material, 2021 & 2031F

4 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Dynamics

4.1 Impact Analysis

4.2 Market Drivers

4.3 Market Restraints

5 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Trends

6 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, 2021 - 2031

6.1 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Product, 2021 - 2031

6.1.1 Overview & Analysis

6.1.2 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Scrapper and Wiper, 2021 - 2031

6.1.3 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Anti-Fatigue Mats, 2021 - 2031

6.1.4 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Logo Mats, 2021 - 2031

6.1.5 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Specialty Mats, 2021 - 2031

6.1.6 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Others, 2021 - 2031

6.2 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Application, 2021 - 2031

6.2.1 Overview & Analysis

6.2.2 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Indoor, 2021 - 2031

6.2.3 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Outdoor, 2021 - 2031

6.3 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By End User, 2021 - 2031

6.3.1 Overview & Analysis

6.3.2 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Commercial, 2021 - 2031

6.3.3 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Residential, 2021 - 2031

6.4 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Material, 2021 - 2031

6.4.1 Overview & Analysis

6.4.2 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Coir, 2021 - 2031

6.4.3 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Cotton, 2021 - 2031

6.4.4 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Nylon, 2021 - 2031

6.4.5 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Polypropylene, 2021 - 2031

6.4.6 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Rubber, 2021 - 2031

6.4.7 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Vinyl, 2021 - 2031

6.4.8 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Others, 2021 - 2031

7 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, By Countries, 2021 - 2031

7.1 Overview & Analysis

7.2 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Product, 2021 - 2031

7.2.1 South Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Product, 2021 - 2031

7.2.2 Egypt Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Product, 2021 - 2031

7.2.3 Nigeria Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Product, 2021 - 2031

7.2.4 Rest of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Product, 2021 - 2031

7.3 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenues & Volume Share, By Application, 2021 & 2031F

7.3.1 South Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Application, 2021 - 2031

7.3.2 Egypt Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Application, 2021 - 2031

7.3.3 Nigeria Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Application, 2021 - 2031

7.3.4 Rest of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Application, 2021 - 2031

7.4 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By End User, 2021 - 2031

7.4.1 South Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By End User, 2021 - 2031

7.4.2 Egypt Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By End User, 2021 - 2031

7.4.3 Nigeria Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By End User, 2021 - 2031

7.4.4 Rest of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By End User, 2021 - 2031

7.5 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Material, 2021 - 2031

7.5.1 South Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Material, 2021 - 2031

7.5.2 Egypt Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Material, 2021 - 2031

7.5.3 Nigeria Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Material, 2021 - 2031

7.5.4 Rest of Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market, Revenues & Volume, By Material, 2021 - 2031

8 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Key Performance Indicators

9 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market - Export/Import By Countries Assessment

10 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market - Opportunity Assessment

10.1 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Opportunity Assessment, By Countries, 2021 & 2031F

10.2 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Opportunity Assessment, By Product, 2021 & 2031F

10.3 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Opportunity Assessment, By Application, 2021 & 2031F

10.4 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Opportunity Assessment, By End User, 2021 & 2031F

10.5 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Opportunity Assessment, By Material, 2021 & 2031F

11 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market - Competitive Landscape

11.1 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Revenue Share, By Companies, 2022

11.2 Africa Entrance Floor Mat Market Competitive Benchmarking, By Operating and Technical Parameters

12 Top 10 Company Profiles

13 Recommendations

14 Disclaimer

Global Entrance Floor Mat Market

Middle East Entrance Floor Mat Market

Nepal Entrance Floor Mat Market

Nigeria Entrance Floor Mat Market

North America Entrance Floor Mat Market

Oman Entrance Floor Mat Market

Pakistan Entrance Floor Mat Market

Peru Entrance Floor Mat Market

Pricing

Single User License
$ 4,560
Department License
$ 5,055
Site License
$ 5,595
Global License
$ 6,000

Buy Now

Any Query

Call: +91-11-4302-4305
Email us: sales@6wresearch.com

Any Query? Click Here

View All

Related Reports

Whitepaper

Middle East & Africa Commercial Security Market Click here to view more.
Middle East & Africa Fire Safety Systems & Equipment Market Click here to view more.
GCC Drone Market Click here to view more.
Middle East Lighting Fixture Market Click here to view more.
GCC Physical & Perimeter Security Market Click here to view more.

Read All

6WResearch In News

Read All

Key Highlights of the Report:

Frequently Asked Questions About the Market Study (FAQs):

Related Report Available

Any Query

Search

Thought Leadership and Analyst Meet

Our Clients

Related Reports

Industry Events and Analyst Meet

Stationery & Paper Expo Saudi Arabia 2026

Kids & Toys Expo Saudi Arabia 2026

Gifts & Homeware Expo Saudi Arabia 2026

Smart Home Expo 2026

Industrial Facilities Management Expo 2025

Whitepaper

6WResearch In News

About Us

Company

Services

Verticals

©2025 6Wresearch, All Right Reserved