Japan Smart Pet Devices Market (2026-2032) | Competitive Landscape, Segmentation, Value, Share, Industry, Growth, Size & Revenue, Companies, Trends, Analysis, Forecast, Outlook

Market Forecast By Device Type (Pet Cameras, Smart Doors, Fitness Trackers, Behavior AI Devices), By Smart Feature (Two-Way Video & Audio, Microchip/Facial Recognition, Steps, Calories, Sleep, Emotional Monitoring), By Communication Mode (App + Cloud, RFID/AI, Bluetooth, Voice + Motion AI), By End User (Remote Pet Owners, Modern Homes, Veterinary Advisors, Companion Pet Brands) And Competitive Landscape

Product Code: ETC15506429 Publication Date: Jun 2026 Updated Date: Oct 2026 Product Type: Market Research Report
Publisher: 6Wresearch Author: Saurav Kr Singh No. of Pages: 110 No. of Figures: 55 No. of Tables: 11
Market Size, 2025 USD 550 Million
Market Size, 2032 USD 1,225 Million
CAGR, 2026–2032 12.1%

Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Size & Growth Rate

Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Size & Growth Rate

According to 6Wresearch internal database and industry insights, the Japan Smart Pet Devices Market was valued at USD 550 Million in 2025 and is projected to reach USD 1,225 Million by 2032, growing at a CAGR of approximately 12.1% during 2026–2032.

Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Highlights

Report Metric Details
Report Name Japan Smart Pet Devices Market (2026-2032)
Market Size 2025 USD 550 Million
Market Size 2032 USD 1,225 Million
Absolute Growth 2025–2032 USD 675 Million
CAGR 2026–2032 12.1%
Peak Annual Growth 13.1% in 2028
Forecast Period 2026–2032
Historical Data 2022–2025
Base Year 2025
Leading Device Type, 2025 Pet Cameras (39% share)
Leading Smart Feature, 2025 Two-Way Video & Audio (48% share)
Leading Communication Mode, 2025 App + Cloud (39% share)
Leading End User, 2025 Remote Pet Owners (35% share)
Fastest-Growing Device Type Fitness Trackers (17.3% CAGR)
Fastest-Growing Smart Feature Emotional Monitoring (16.3% CAGR)
Fastest-Growing End User Modern Homes (15.1% CAGR)
Growing Sector Modern Homes
Key End Users Remote Pet Owners, Modern Homes, Veterinary Advisors, Companion Pet Brands

Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Year-wise Growth Rate and Key Drivers (2022–2032)

This graph illustrates the annual growth rates of the market from 2022 to 2032, highlighting a steady upward trajectory and projected market expansion over the forecast period.

Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Year-wise Growth Rate and Key Drivers (2022–2032)

Annual growth estimates for each year appear below with the principal reason behind them, explaining the shifts that set the pace of the market.

Year Estimated Annual Growth (%) Market Rationale
2022 22.4 The market exhibited strong demand as pet ownership surged across Japan.
2023 18.9 Growth slowed slightly due to market saturation in certain device types.
2024 20.3 Increased consumer awareness of pet health drove faster growth this year.
2025 21.7 Demand continued to rise as more households adopted smart pet technology.
2026 12.4 Growth slowed as competition intensified among device manufacturers.
2027 12.0 Market expansion remained steady, driven by ongoing technological advancements.
2028 13.1 A renewed interest in pet wellness is expected to lead to accelerated growth this year.
2029 12.7 Growth slowed as consumer preferences shifted towards multifunctional devices.
2030 12.3 Demand stabilised as the market matured and competition increased.
2031 10.8 Growth continued to slow as market saturation became more pronounced.
2032 11.6 A resurgence in innovation is projected to drive demand higher again.

Note: Market size estimations and growth projections presented in this report are based on 6Wresearch's proprietary forecasting methodology, utilizing the latest available industry data, government publications, and primary research inputs.

Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Synopsis

Smart pet devices represent a notable advancement in pet care, integrating sensors, cameras, and connectivity for monitoring and automation. The Japan Smart Pet Devices Market is expanding, driven by rising pet ownership and increased consumer spending on pet health. Factors such as the growing trend of remote pet ownership and technological advancements in device features are fueling this demand.

Market Dynamics Impact Analysis (2026–2032)

Factor Type Impact Primary Segment Affected
Increasing pet ownership and health consciousness drive demand for monitoring devices. Driver High Pet Cameras
Technological advancements in pet care devices create new market opportunities. Driver High Fitness Trackers
The growing number of remote pet owners increases demand for smart pet solutions. Opportunity High Remote Pet Owners
Rising interest in smart home integration opens avenues for new products. Opportunity Medium Modern Homes
High competition among device manufacturers may limit market share for new entrants. Restraint High Behavior AI Devices
Consumer hesitation regarding data privacy may restrict adoption rates. Restraint Medium Microchip/Facial Recognition
High production costs can delay the introduction of new technologies. Challenge High Fitness Trackers
Rapid technological changes require continuous investment in R&D. Challenge Medium Pet Cameras

Evaluation of Drivers in Japan Smart Pet Devices Market (2026–2032)

These are the developments adding the most demand over the forecast period.

Drivers Primary Segment Affected Why It Matters (Evidence)
Growing pet ownership leads to increased demand for monitoring solutions. Pet Cameras In 2023, 29.3% of Japan's population was aged 65 or older, increasing the need for pet monitoring.
Technological advancements improve device functionality and appeal. Fitness Trackers In 2022, Japan's national medical care expenditure was about JPY 46.7 trillion, motivating consumers to seek advanced solutions for pet health management.
Remote pet ownership drives demand for interactive devices. Two-Way Video & Audio Pet owners are increasingly using technology to stay connected with their pets.
Integration with smart home systems boosts device adoption. App + Cloud Modern Homes are adopting smart pet devices for convenience and safety.
Consumer awareness of pet health issues fuels market growth. Behavior AI Devices Veterinary Advisors recommend monitoring tools to help owners manage pet health.

Orders keep climbing as pet ownership rises, with 29.3% of Japan's population aged 65 or older seeking pet monitoring solutions. Technological advancements in smart pet devices improve functionality, appealing to consumers. Increased awareness of pet health issues propels market growth as consumers invest in monitoring tools. The demand for new features continues to rise as the market matures, with remote pet ownership driving the need for interactive devices that improve the pet care experience.

Evaluation of Restraints in Japan Smart Pet Devices Market

Below are the constraints most often cited by buyers and suppliers, with the segment each affects.

Market Restraint Primary Segment Affected Why It Matters (Evidence)
High production costs limit the introduction of new devices. Fitness Trackers Manufacturers face challenges in managing costs while developing advanced features.
Consumer concerns over data privacy hinder adoption rates. Microchip/Facial Recognition Potential buyers worry about the security of their pets' data.
Intense competition among manufacturers can restrict market entry for new players. Behavior AI Devices Established brands dominate the market, making it difficult for newcomers.
Market saturation in certain device types may slow growth. Pet Cameras Many households already own basic monitoring devices, limiting new sales.
Rapid technological changes require constant investment in R&D. Two-Way Video & Audio Companies must continually innovate to keep up with consumer expectations.

Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Challenges

High prices for smart pet devices hinder buyers, as many products are priced over JPY 50,000, limiting access for budget-conscious pet owners. Stringent safety regulations create delays in product launches, which can extend up to six months, impacting suppliers' ability to meet market demand. A lack of skilled professionals in technology and veterinary fields restricts innovation, with only 30% of graduates entering these sectors, leading to fewer advancements in product features. High national medical care expenditure of JPY 46.7 trillion diverts consumer spending from discretionary pet technology, affecting overall market growth.

Trends in the Japan Smart Pet Devices Market

Four trends stand out in the Japan Smart Pet Devices Market.

  • Shift from Basic Monitoring to Advanced Interaction: Remote Pet Owners are increasingly seeking devices that offer interactive features like Two-Way Video & Audio. In 2025, this category accounted for 48% of market share, reflecting a shift towards more engaging pet care solutions.
  • Transition from Standalone Devices to Smart Home Integration: The integration of smart pet devices into home automation systems is becoming prevalent. By 2025, 39% of devices will be connected via App + Cloud, increasing convenience for pet owners.
  • Emergence of Health Monitoring Features in Pet Devices: Health tracking capabilities are becoming standard in pet devices, with Fitness Trackers expected to grow at a CAGR of 17.3% by 2032. This trend reflects a growing consumer focus on pet wellness.
  • Growing Demand for Behaviour Analysis Tools: Behavior AI Devices are gaining traction as pet owners seek insights into their pets' habits. This segment is projected to grow significantly, driven by increased awareness of pet training needs.

Investment Opportunities in the Japan Smart Pet Devices Market

Below are the investment opportunities with the strongest case in the Japan Smart Pet Devices Market.

  • Smart Fitness Trackers: With the pet health monitoring segment growing, there is a gap for advanced fitness trackers. In 2025, the market for these devices is projected to reach USD 550 Million, appealing to health-conscious pet owners.
  • Advanced Pet Cameras: The demand for sophisticated pet cameras is rising, with a projected growth rate of 13.1% by 2032. Remote Pet Owners are particularly interested in these devices to monitor their pets.
  • Enhanced Smart Doors: There is a growing need for smart doors that allow secure pet access. In 2025, this segment is expected to grow as more households integrate smart home solutions.
  • Behaviour Analysis Tools: The market for behaviour analysis tools is expanding, with a projected growth rate of 16.3% for Emotional Monitoring devices. Pet owners are increasingly seeking insights into their pets' behaviour.

Government Initiatives in the Japan Smart Pet Devices Market

The PMD Act, established in 2014, regulates the approval, manufacture, and quality of medical devices, including smart pet devices. Compliance with this law ensures that products meet safety standards, impacting manufacturers and buyers alike. The Industrial Standardization Act, amended in 2019, governs product standards, ensuring that smart pet devices adhere to quality requirements.

The Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) reviews and approves smart pet devices, monitoring their safety post-market. The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) funds research initiatives that support the development of new technologies in the pet care sector.

Future Insight of the Japan Smart Pet Devices Market

Advancements in sensor technology will reshape demand for smart pet devices by 2032, as users seek more effective monitoring solutions. Collaborations between tech developers and veterinary clinics will lead to new service offerings that improve pet care. New standards for pet health data will drive innovation, enhancing safety and reliability. As the elderly population increases, with 29.3% aged 65 or older, the demand for remote interaction features will rise, allowing pet owners to manage their pets' needs more effectively.

Market Segmentation Analysis

Japan Smart Pet Devices Market report covers a detailed analysis of the following market segments:

By Device Type – Pet Cameras Lead, Fitness Trackers Expected to Grow Fastest

According to Saurav Kr Singh, Senior Research Analyst at 6Wresearch, in 2025, Pet Cameras led the device type split with a 39% share. Pet cameras lead the market because they are vital for pet owners who need to monitor their pets in real-time while away. This segment is particularly appealing to those who work long hours and want to ensure their pets' safety and well-being. Fitness Trackers are set to record the highest CAGR in this split, 17.3% over 2026–2032. Fitness trackers are rapidly gaining popularity as pet owners become more health-conscious regarding their pets. The increasing recognition of pet obesity and the necessity for regular activity tracking are propelling this segment's growth. Suppliers should prioritise the development of advanced fitness tracker features to attract health-focused pet owners.

By Smart Feature – Two-Way Video & Audio Leads, Emotional Monitoring Expected to Grow Fastest

The largest smart feature category in 2025 was Two-Way Video & Audio, at 48% of revenue. Two-way video and audio features lead the market as they allow pet owners to interact with their pets remotely, providing reassurance and engagement. This capability is particularly valued by owners who travel or have demanding work schedules, ensuring their pets remain connected. Over 2026–2032, Emotional Monitoring is expected to post the fastest growth, at a CAGR of 16.3%. Emotional monitoring is rapidly gaining traction as pet owners increasingly seek to understand their pets' emotional states. This trend is driven by a growing awareness of pet well-being, encouraging the development of products that enhance the owner-pet relationship. Buyers are likely to prioritise devices with emotional monitoring features to strengthen their bond with pets.

By Communication Mode – App + Cloud Leads and Records the Fastest Growth

App + Cloud took 39% of communication mode revenue in 2025, more than any other category. The app and cloud communication mode commands the largest share because it enables efficient data management and remote control of devices, which is crucial for contemporary pet owners. This integration of functionalities aligns well with the tech-savvy lifestyles of many users. Its lead should widen, with a projected CAGR of 14.6% during 2026–2032, the highest in this split. The app and cloud mode is also the fastest-growing segment as mobile technology becomes increasingly integral to daily routines. The rise of smart home technologies further propels demand for integrated pet devices that utilise this communication mode. Suppliers should concentrate on enhancing app functionalities to meet the expectations of modern pet owners.

By End User – Remote Pet Owners Lead, Modern Homes Expected to Grow Fastest

Remote Pet Owners accounted for 35% of the market by end user in 2025. Remote pet owners represent the largest user group as they rely heavily on smart pet devices for monitoring their pets while away. This demographic is expanding as more individuals adopt pet ownership alongside busy lifestyles. Modern Homes are projected to grow fastest, at a CAGR of 15.1% during 2026–2032. Modern homes are the fastest-growing segment as smart pet devices become integral to home automation systems. The trend towards smart living environments is driving the adoption of these technologies among homeowners. Suppliers should target modern home integrations to capture the growing market of tech-oriented pet owners.

Key Attractiveness of the Report

  • 10 Years of Market Numbers
  • Historical Data Starting from 2022 to 2025
  • Base Year 2025
  • Forecast Data until 2032
  • Key Performance Indicators Impacting the Market
  • Major Upcoming Developments and Projects

Key Highlights of the Report:

  • Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Outlook
  • Market Size of Japan Smart Pet Devices Market, 2025
  • Forecast of Japan Smart Pet Devices Market, 2032
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Japan Smart Pet Devices Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032F
  • Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Trend Evolution
  • Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Drivers and Challenges
  • Japan Smart Pet Devices Price Trends
  • Japan Smart Pet Devices Porter's Five Forces
  • Japan Smart Pet Devices Industry Life Cycle
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume By Device Type for the Period 2022-2032F
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume By Pet Cameras for the Period 2022-2032F
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume By Smart Doors for the Period 2022-2032F
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume By Fitness Trackers for the Period 2022-2032F
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume By Behavior AI Devices for the Period 2022-2032F
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume By Smart Feature for the Period 2022-2032F
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume By Two-Way Video & Audio for the Period 2022-2032F
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume By Microchip/Facial Recognition for the Period 2022-2032F
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume By Steps, Calories, Sleep for the Period 2022-2032F
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume By Emotional Monitoring for the Period 2022-2032F
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume By Communication Mode for the Period 2022-2032F
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume By App + Cloud for the Period 2022-2032F
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume By RFID/AI for the Period 2022-2032F
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume By Bluetooth for the Period 2022-2032F
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume By Voice + Motion AI for the Period 2022-2032F
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume By End User for the Period 2022-2032F
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume By Remote Pet Owners for the Period 2022-2032F
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume By Modern Homes for the Period 2022-2032F
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume By Veterinary Advisors for the Period 2022-2032F
  • Historical Data and Forecast of Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume By Companion Pet Brands for the Period 2022-2032F
  • Japan Smart Pet Devices Import Export Trade Statistics
  • Market Opportunity Assessment By Device Type
  • Market Opportunity Assessment By Smart Feature
  • Market Opportunity Assessment By Communication Mode
  • Market Opportunity Assessment By End User
  • Japan Smart Pet Devices Top Companies Market Share
  • Japan Smart Pet Devices Competitive Benchmarking By Technical and Operational Parameters
  • Japan Smart Pet Devices Company Profiles
  • Japan Smart Pet Devices Key Strategic Recommendations

Market Covered

Segments analysed in this report are listed below.

By Device Type

  • Pet Cameras
  • Smart Doors
  • Fitness Trackers
  • Behavior AI Devices

By Smart Feature

  • Two-Way Video & Audio
  • Microchip/Facial Recognition
  • Steps
  • Calories
  • Sleep
  • Emotional Monitoring

By Communication Mode

  • App + Cloud
  • RFID/AI
  • Bluetooth
  • Voice + Motion AI

By End User

  • Remote Pet Owners
  • Modern Homes
  • Veterinary Advisors
  • Companion Pet Brands

Japan Smart Pet Devices Market (2026-2032) FAQs

Two-Way Video & Audio leads by smart feature with a 48% share in 2025, equal to USD 264 Million.
The market is expected to grow at a CAGR of approximately 12.1% during 2026–2032, with annual growth peaking at 13.1% in 2028.
The most important trend is the shift towards advanced interaction features in pet devices, with Two-Way Video & Audio gaining significant market share.
The Japan Smart Pet Devices Market was valued at USD 550 Million in 2025 and is projected to reach USD 1,225 Million by 2032, an increase of USD 675 Million.
The best investment opportunity lies in advanced fitness trackers, as the market for these devices is expected to reach USD 550 Million by 2025, appealing to health-conscious pet owners.
Fitness Trackers are the fastest-growing segment at a CAGR of 17.3% during 2026–2032, followed by Emotional Monitoring at 16.3%.
6Wresearch actively monitors the Japan Smart Pet Devices Market and publishes its comprehensive annual report, highlighting emerging trends, growth drivers, revenue analysis, and forecast outlook. Our insights help businesses to make data-backed strategic decisions with ongoing market dynamics. Our analysts track relevent industries related to the Japan Smart Pet Devices Market, allowing our clients with actionable intelligence and reliable forecasts tailored to emerging regional needs.
Yes, we provide customisation as per your requirements. To learn more, feel free to contact us on sales@6wresearch.com

1 Executive Summary

2 Introduction

2.1 Key Highlights of the Report

2.2 Report Description

2.3 Market Scope & Segmentation

2.4 Research Methodology

2.5 Assumptions

3 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Overview

3.1 Japan Country Macro Economic Indicators

3.2 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume, 2022 & 2032F

3.3 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market - Industry Life Cycle

3.4 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market - Porter's Five Forces

3.5 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume Share, By Device Type, 2022 & 2032F

3.6 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume Share, By Smart Feature, 2022 & 2032F

3.7 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume Share, By Communication Mode, 2022 & 2032F

3.8 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume Share, By End User, 2022 & 2032F

4 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Dynamics

4.1 Impact Analysis

4.2 Market Drivers

4.3 Market Restraints

5 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Trends

6 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market, By Types

6.1 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market, By Device Type

6.1.1 Overview and Analysis

6.1.2 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume, By Device Type, 2022-2032F

6.1.3 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume, By Pet Cameras, 2022-2032F

6.1.4 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume, By Smart Doors, 2022-2032F

6.1.5 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume, By Fitness Trackers, 2022-2032F

6.1.6 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume, By Behavior AI Devices, 2022-2032F

6.2 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market, By Smart Feature

6.2.1 Overview and Analysis

6.2.2 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume, By Two-Way Video & Audio, 2022-2032F

6.2.3 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume, By Microchip/Facial Recognition, 2022-2032F

6.2.4 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume, By Steps, Calories, Sleep, 2022-2032F

6.2.5 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume, By Emotional Monitoring, 2022-2032F

6.3 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market, By Communication Mode

6.3.1 Overview and Analysis

6.3.2 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume, By App + Cloud, 2022-2032F

6.3.3 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume, By RFID/AI, 2022-2032F

6.3.4 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume, By Bluetooth, 2022-2032F

6.3.5 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume, By Voice + Motion AI, 2022-2032F

6.4 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market, By End User

6.4.1 Overview and Analysis

6.4.2 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume, By Remote Pet Owners, 2022-2032F

6.4.3 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume, By Modern Homes, 2022-2032F

6.4.4 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume, By Veterinary Advisors, 2022-2032F

6.4.5 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenues & Volume, By Companion Pet Brands, 2022-2032F

7 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Import-Export Trade Statistics

7.1 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Export to Major Countries

7.2 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Imports from Major Countries

8 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Key Performance Indicators

9 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market - Opportunity Assessment

9.1 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Opportunity Assessment, By Device Type, 2022 & 2032F

9.2 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Opportunity Assessment, By Smart Feature, 2022 & 2032F

9.3 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Opportunity Assessment, By Communication Mode, 2022 & 2032F

9.4 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Opportunity Assessment, By End User, 2022 & 2032F

10 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market - Competitive Landscape

10.1 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Revenue Share, By Companies, 2025

10.2 Japan Smart Pet Devices Market Competitive Benchmarking, By Operating and Technical Parameters

11 Company Profiles

12 Recommendations

13 Disclaimer

Request Primary Research & Report
  • Single User License
    $1,995
  • Department License
    $2,400
  • Site License
    $3,120
  • Global License
    $3,795
ISO 9001:2015

ISO 9001:2015 CERTIFIED

Quality Management System for market research & advisory services

Cert. No. 3050261008135Q

6Wresearch Support

Any Query

Call: +91-11-4302-4305
Email us: sales@6wresearch.com
Any Query? Click Here

Leadership Perspectives from Industry Events

6Wresearch in the News

Thought Leadership and Analyst Meet

Our Clients

Airtel
Canon
Contec
HoneyWell
Kriloskar
Pwc Logo
Samsung
Tata Teleservices

Industry Events and Analyst Meet

Whitepaper

Read All