Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market (2026-2032) | Value, Drivers, Opportunities, Competitive, Segmentation, Growth, Strategy, Share, Trends, Strategic Insights, Challenges, Revenue, Consumer Insights, Outlook, Analysis, Size, Demand, Competition, Restraints, Investment Trends, Companies, Industry, Supply, Forecast, Pricing Analysis, Segments

Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Highlights

Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Size & Growth Rate (2026-2032)

The Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market was estimated at USD 59 Billion in 2025 and is projected to reach USD 86 Billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 5.20% from 2026 to 2032.

Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Synopsis

The dynamics of the refurbished and used mobile phones market are undergoing substantial changes, driven by shifting consumer attitudes toward sustainability and cost-effectiveness. As individuals increasingly prioritize affordable alternatives, manufacturers are enhancing their refurbishment processes to meet quality standards. This evolving consumer behavior is fostering a shift toward certified refurbished devices, which offer a brand-equivalent experience at lower prices.

Furthermore, the adoption of trade-in programs has significantly impacted the market. These programs empower consumers to upgrade while still benefiting from the resale value of their old devices. With this structural change, retailers are optimizing their logistics around refurbished phones, positioning the Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market as a vital player in the broader mobile device ecosystem.

Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Year-wise Growth Rate and Key Drivers

This graph illustrates the annual growth rates of the Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market from 2022 to 2032, highlighting a steady upward trajectory and projected expansion over the forecast period.

The table below presents the year‑wise growth rates along with the key drivers influencing the market

Note - Market size estimations and growth projections presented in this report are based on 6Wresearch's proprietary research methodology, combining internal industry data, secondary research, and primary validation, updated periodically to reflect current market conditions. As markets evolve rapidly, figures for certain industries may vary slightly and are intended as informed estimates rather than absolute figures. For the most current market sizing, we recommend validating figures with a 6Wresearch analyst.

Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Key Takeaways

Below are some of the specific key takeaways from the market, including:

• Refurbished phones are projected to capture approximately ~65% share in 2025, reflecting strong consumer trust in certified devices.
• The U.S. refurbished mobile phone market is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 6.5% from 2026 to 2032, fueled by increasing environmental regulations.
• Online channels currently dominate, accounting for around 70% of sales in 2025, reinforcing e-commerce’s role in the market.
• Major players, such as Apple and Amazon, are expanding their offerings, positioning themselves as leaders in both refurbished and used devices.
• Certified pre-owned programs by manufacturers like Samsung have gained traction, augmenting confidence in refurbished markets.

Evaluation of Restraints in Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market

The Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market faces several challenges that could impede growth. Consumer skepticism surrounding the reliability of refurbished devices remains a prominent barrier, often stemming from a lack of standardized quality grading systems. For instance, a survey showed that about 30% of consumers expressed concerns about warranty coverage for refurbished products. Additionally, competition from newly released models poses a threat, as many consumers are lured by the latest technology, potentially undermining the appeal of refurbished alternatives. As market players focus on bridging trust gaps, addressing these concerns will be critical to capture a larger customer base.

Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Trends

Currently, the trend toward sustainability is influencing the Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market. Companies like Back Market, a leading marketplace for refurbished electronics, reported sales growth exceeding 30% in 2022 as eco-conscious consumers sought more sustainable options. Secondly, the rise of subscription models has emerged, with businesses such as Apple introducing programs that allow consumers to lease refurbished devices, creating a new revenue stream. For example, Apple’s trade-in program is expected to boost its market penetration significantly, further legitimizing refurbished devices. The implementation of stringent regulations on e-waste, particularly in the EU, is also reshaping market dynamics, compelling companies to enhance refurbishment capabilities and adhere to environmental standards.

Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Opportunities

The market reveals several lucrative opportunities for growth and innovation. Companies can leverage the expanding middle-class demographics in emerging markets, particularly in Asia Pacific, which is undergoing a digital transformation. For example, Xiaomi has introduced more affordable mid-range refurbished smartphones in these regions, capitalizing on rising disposable incomes. Furthermore, investing in technology for better refurbishment processes opens avenues for superior quality assurance. The increasing number of partnerships between e-commerce platforms and manufacturers, exemplified by Amazon's collaboration with various phone manufacturers, is expected to enhance distribution channels, thereby making refurbished devices more accessible to consumers.

Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Type

As of 2025, refurbished phones lead the market with a substantial share of approximately ~65% of the total market. In contrast, used phones are expected to exhibit a faster growth trajectory, with a projected CAGR of 7.2% from 2026 to 2032. The preference for refurbished phones is largely due to their ability to provide a quality customer experience at a reduced cost, along with brand certification that enhances consumer confidence. Used phones, however, are gaining traction as they appeal to budget-conscious consumers looking for economical alternatives, prompting the need for better quality controls among sellers.

Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Price Range

Low-priced phones (below $200) are projected to dominate the refurbished market, commanding a significant share of around 50% in 2025. Following this, mid-range offerings are expected to experience notable growth, with a CAGR of 6.8% from 2026 to 2032. The popularity of low-priced devices can be attributed to their appeal among students and entry-level users who prioritize affordability over advanced features, while mid-range prices are being increasingly targeted to younger consumers looking for value without compromising quality.

Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Distribution Channel

As of 2025, online distribution channels are expected to lead the Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market, accounting for approximately 70% of total sales. Traditional offline channels, including brick-and-mortar stores, are projected to grow at a CAGR of 6.0% from 2026 to 2032, primarily due to the increasing consumer preference for hands-on purchasing experiences. The online channel's success is heavily driven by the convenience of e-commerce platforms, which facilitate an easier shopping experience for refurbished devices, while offline channels leverage local engagement and customer service to build trust.

Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market by Region

In 2025, North America is anticipated to be the largest region in the Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market, holding a commanding share of approximately 40%. Conversely, the Asia Pacific region is projected to be the fastest growing, with an impressive CAGR of 7.5% from 2026 to 2032. The robust market potential in North America arises from a high concentration of technology adoption and environmental awareness, promoting refurbished devices. Meanwhile, Asia Pacific's growth is fueled by rising smartphone penetration and a significant consumer base seeking affordable alternatives.

Government Initiatives in the Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market

Government initiatives play a crucial role in shaping the regulatory landscape for the refurbished and used mobile phones market. Various countries are implementing policies designed to promote sustainable practices and reduce electronic waste, further enhancing the market's integrity.

• European Commission, Circular Economy Action Plan, March 2020. This initiative mandates stricter waste management and promotes the use of refurbished devices, aiming to reduce e-waste.
• United States Environmental Protection Agency, Sustainable Materials Management (SMM) Program, 2021. This program encourages the adoption of reused and refurbished materials in mobile devices to enhance sustainability.
• Government of Canada, Electronic Waste Recycling Initiative, January 2022. This scheme provides funding for recycling programs aimed at increasing the supply of refurbished phones on the market.
• India Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, National Policy on Electronics 2019 (revised 2022). This policy outlines initiatives supporting the refurbishment of electronic devices for economic growth and consumer affordability.

Future Insights of the Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market

The landscape of the Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market is set to undergo transformative changes as technological advancements streamline refurbishing processes. For instance, artificial intelligence is being integrated into quality assessments, leading to enhanced reliability of refurbished devices. Companies like Back Market are pioneering in this domain, leveraging data analytics to improve refurbishment cycles and customer trust. By 2032, we can expect market players to focus on sustainable practices, integrating environmental standards into device production, thus reshaping the competitive dynamics amidst evolving consumer preferences.

Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Latest Developments

Recent developments in the Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market highlight the strategic efforts of leading companies to enhance their market positioning and technological capabilities.

• In early 2023, Apple announced the expansion of its certified pre-owned program, which enhances quality assurance and strengthens brand trust by ensuring consumers receive high-quality refurbished devices.
• Recently, Samsung unveiled new refurbishment technology aimed at increasing efficiency in its processing plants, potentially elevating production capacity and reducing operational costs.
• Ongoing initiatives by Amazon to enhance its e-commerce platform for refurbished devices are expected to broaden its market reach, thereby tapping into untapped customer segments, particularly in emerging markets.
• Back Market is actively developing partnerships with local telecommunications companies to establish trade-in programs that incentivize customers to upgrade to certified refurbished phones, broadening its consumer base.

Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Key Players and Industry Positioning

The Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market exhibits a fragmented competitive structure, with leading players vying for market share through distinct strategies. This diversity allows for a broader range of offerings, catering to varying consumer preferences.

With distinct core strengths and strategic focuses, these players shape the market, enhancing competition and consumer choice while increasingly addressing sustainable practices.

Key Attractiveness of the Report

• 10 Years of Market Numbers
• Historical Data Starting from 2022 to 2025
• Base Year: 2025
• Forecast Data until 2032
• Key Performance Indicators Impacting the Market
• Major Upcoming Developments and Projects

Key Highlights of the Report:

• Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Outlook
• Market Size of Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market, 2025
• Forecast of Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market, 2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
• Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Trend Evolution
• Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Drivers and Challenges
• Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Price Trends
• Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Porter's Five Forces
• Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Industry Life Cycle
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Type for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Refurbished Phones for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Used Phones for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Price Range for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Low Price (Below $200) for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Mid-Price ($200 to $500) for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Premium (Above $500) for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Distribution Channel for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Offline for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Online for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Type for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Refurbished Phones for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Used Phones for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Price Range for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Low Price (Below $200) for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Mid-Price ($200 to $500) for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Premium (Above $500) for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Distribution Channel for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Offline for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of North America Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Online for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of United States of America Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Canada Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of North America Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Type for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Refurbished Phones for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Used Phones for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Price Range for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Low Price (Below $200) for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Mid-Price ($200 to $500) for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Premium (Above $500) for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Distribution Channel for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Offline for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Latin America (LATAM) Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Online for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Brazil Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Mexico Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Argentina Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of LATAM Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Type for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Refurbished Phones for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Used Phones for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Price Range for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Low Price (Below $200) for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Mid-Price ($200 to $500) for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Premium (Above $500) for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Distribution Channel for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Offline for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Asia Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Online for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of China Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of India Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Japan Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Asia Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Type for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Refurbished Phones for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Used Phones for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Price Range for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Low Price (Below $200) for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Mid-Price ($200 to $500) for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Premium (Above $500) for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Distribution Channel for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Offline for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Africa Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Online for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of South Africa Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Nigeria Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Egypt Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Africa Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Type for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Refurbished Phones for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Used Phones for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Price Range for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Low Price (Below $200) for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Mid-Price ($200 to $500) for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Premium (Above $500) for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Distribution Channel for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Offline for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Europe Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Online for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of United Kingdom Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of France Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Germany Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Europe Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Type for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Refurbished Phones for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Used Phones for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Price Range for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Low Price (Below $200) for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Mid-Price ($200 to $500) for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Premium (Above $500) for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Distribution Channel for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Offline for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Middle East Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume By Online for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Saudi Arabia Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of UAE Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Turkey Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
• Historical Data and Forecast of Rest of Middle East Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market Revenues & Volume for the Period 2022-2032
• Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market - Key Performance Indicators
• Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market - Import Export Trade Statistics
• Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market - Opportunity Assessment By Countries
• Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market - Opportunity Assessment By Type
• Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market - Opportunity Assessment By Price Range
• Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market - Opportunity Assessment By Distribution Channel
• Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market - Top Companies Market Share
• Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market - Top Companies Profiles
• Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market - Comparison of Players in Technical and Operating Parameters
• Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market - Strategic Recommendations

Markets Covered

The Global Refurbished and Used Mobile Phones Market report provides a detailed analysis of the following market segments:

By Regions and Countries:

• North America
• Europe
• LATAM
• Middle East
• Asia
• Africa

By Type:

• Refurbished Phones
• Used Phones

By Price Range:

• Low Price (Below $200)
• Mid-Price ($200 to $500)
• Premium (Above $500)

By Distribution Channel:

• Offline
• Online